Skin 3 - Epithelial Tumors

Question 1

What are the epithelial tumors?

Answer 1

1) seborrheic keratosis 2) acanthosis nigracans 3) basal cell carcinoma 4) squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

What is seborrheic keratosis?

Answer 2

Benign squamous proliferation; common tumor in the elderly

Question 3

What does seborrheic keratosis present as?

Answer 3

raised, discolored plaques on the extremities or face; often has a coinlike, waxy, stuck-on appearance

Question 4

What is seborrheic keratosis characterized by?

Answer 4

keratin pseudocysts on histology

Question 5

What is a sign involved with seborrheic keratosis?

Answer 5

Leser-Trelat sign is the sudden onset of multiple seborrheic keratoses and suggests underlying carcinoma of the GI tract

Question 6

What is acanthosis nigricans?

Answer 6

Epidermal hyperplasia with darkening of the skin, velvet-like skin; often involves the axilla or groin

Question 7

What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?

Answer 7

insulin resistance (e.g., non-insulin-dependent diabetes) or malignancy (especially gastric carcinoma)

Question 8

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 8

Malignant proliferation of the basal cells of the epidermis

Question 9

What is the most common cutaneous malignancy?

Answer 9

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 10

What are the risk factors for basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 10

stem from UVB-induced DNA damage and include prolonged exposure to sunlight, albinism, and xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 11

What does basal cell carcinoma present as?

Answer 11

an elevated nodule with a central, ulcerated crater surrounded by dilated (telangiectatic) vessels, pink, pearl-like papule

Question 12

What is the classic location for basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 12

Classic location is the upper lip

Question 13

What does the histology for basal cell carcinoma show?

Answer 13

nodules of basal cells with peripheral palisading

Question 14

What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 14

surgical excision; metastasis is rare.

Question 15

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 15

malignant proliferation of squamous cells

Question 16

What is squamous cell carcinoma characterized by?

Answer 16

formation of keratin pearls

Question 17

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 17

stem from UVB-induced DNA damage and include prolonged exposure to sunlight, albinism, and xeroderma pigmentosum.

Question 18

What are the additional risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 18

they include immunosuppressive therapy, arsenic exposure, and chronic inflammation (eg scar from burn or draining sinus tract)

Question 19

What does squamous cell carcinoma present as?

Answer 19

an ulcerated, nodular mass, usually on the face (classically involving the lower lip)

Question 20

What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 20

it is excision; metastasis is uncommon.

Question 21

What is a precursor lesion of squamous cell carcinoma and how does it present?

Answer 21

Actinic keratosis and presents as a hyperkeratotic, scaly plaque, often on the face, back, or neck.

Question 22

What is Keratoacanthoma?

Answer 22

it is well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that develops rapidly and regresses spontaneously

Question 23

How does keratoacanthoma present?

Answer 23

as a cup-shaped tumor filled with keratin debris