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Integumentary > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin that covers almost the entire body surface and is made of squamous epithelial cells.

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2
Q

Dermis

A

The deep layer of skin found under the epidermis. The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis and gives skin its strength and elasticity.

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3
Q

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous

A

Not truly part of the skin, but connects the skin loosely to the underlying muscles and bones

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4
Q

Hair

A

An accessory organ of the skin made of columns of tightly packed dead keratinocytes found on most of the body.

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5
Q

Nails

A

Accessory organs of the skin made of sheets of hardened keratinocytes.

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6
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

An exocrine gland found in the dermis, more commonly known as sweat glands. There are 2 types: eccrine and apocrine.

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7
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Exocrine glands found in the dermis that produce an oily secretion known as sebum.

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8
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Special exocrine glands found only in the ear canals. Produces a waxy substance called cerumen.

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9
Q

Skin

A

Forms the outer covering and barrier to protect the body. On average, weighs 10lbs and is almost 20 soft.

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10
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Produce sweat, oil, and wax to cool, protect, and moisturize the skin’s surface.

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11
Q

Arrector Pili

A

A bundle of smooth muscles attached to each hair follicle which cause the hair to stand on end when the muscles contract.

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12
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

A set of nerves in the dermis. Receptors sensitive to light touch.

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13
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

A set of nerves in the dermis. Receptors stimulated by heavy pressure.

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14
Q

Ruffini Ending

A

Refers to the endings of encapsulated nerve endings found in the subcutaneous tissue and thought to mediate the sense of warmth.

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15
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Found in almost every region of the skin and produce a secretion of water and sodium chloride. Used to lower the body’s temperature through evaporative cooling.

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16
Q

Stratum Basale/Germinativum

A

The 5th and deepest layer of the epidermis.

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17
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

The 4th layer of the epidermis.

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18
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

The 3rd layer of the epidermis.

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19
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epithelial cells that make up the majority of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.

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20
Q

Desmosomes

A

Specialized adhesive proteins that adhere cells together and provide mechanical strength to tissues.

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21
Q

Melanocytes

A

Specialized cells found In the skin, hair, and eyes that produce melanin, giving them color.

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22
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Specialized cells found right below the epidermis that play a role in touch sensation.

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23
Q

Stratum Lucideum

A

The 2nd layer of the epidermis.

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24
Q

Lamellar Granules

A

Found in the stratum spinosum and granulosum and are secreted by keratinocytes. Create an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that creates a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.

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25
Stratum Corneum
Outermost layer of skin, a thick layer of dead, flattened, keratin-filled kartinocytes that protect the underlying tissues.
26
Papillary Layer
Most superficial layer of the dermis
27
Reticular Layer
Made mostly of collagen and elastic fibers, it creates a dense layer of connective tissue that forms the inner layer of the dermis.
28
Collagen
The primary building block of skin, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues.
29
Elastin
One of the most abundant proteins in the body, it provides elasticity and flexibility to various tissues in the body.
30
Langerhans Cells
Immune cells that play a crucial role in skin immunity.
31
Cuboidal Keratinocytes
Cells in the stratum basale, constantly going through mitosis to produce new cells. A precursor to the keratinocytes in the epidermis.
32
Spiny Keratinocytes
Cells in the stratum spinous that have a spiny appearance due to the presence of desmosomes.
33
Dermal Papillae
Small, finger-like projections of connective tissues that extend from the papillary layer into the base of hair follicles. Play a crucial role in hair growth and development.
34
Follicle
A depression of epidermal cells deep into the dermis
35
Root
The portion of the hair that is below the skin's surface
36
Shaft
The part of the hair found outside of the skin
37
Cuticle of Hair
Outermost layer of the hair shaft. Formed of dead skin cells, overlapping in layers, which form scales that strengthen and protect the hair shaft.
38
Cortex
The middle layer of the hair shaft, located between the cuticle and medulla.
39
Medulla
The innermost layer of a hair shaft, sometimes called the marrow of the hair.
40
Cuticle (Eponychium) of Nail
A layer of epithelium that overlaps and covers the edge of the nail body. Helps to seal the edges of the nail to prevent infection.
41
Free Edge of Nail
Distal end portion of the nail that has grown beyond the finger or toe
42
Hyponychium
The layer of skin located beneath the free edge of the nail plate, where the nail meets the fingertip. Acts as a waterproof barrier, protecting the nail bed from infections.
43
Lunula
The crescent shaped area at the base of the nail.
44
Nail Body
Visible external portion of the nail
45
Nail Root
Portion of the nail found under the skin
46
Cerumen
A waxy substance that protects that ear canals and lubricates the eardrum.
47
Keratinization/Cornification
The process of keratin accumulating within keratinocytes.
48
Apocrine Glands
Sweat glands found mainly in the axillary and pubic regions of the body. Inactive until puberty, when they produce a thick, oily liquid consumed by bacteria on the skin, creating body odor.
49
Pruritis
Due to histamine release from the skin cells in response to an allergic reaction.
50
Erythema
Caused by increased blood flow to the affected area of the skin.
51
Scaling
Due to excess keratin buildup in the epidermis layer of the skin.
52
Lesion
An area of diseased skin tissue and is classified as primary or secondary.
53
Ulcer
An open lesion, results from tissue damage in the skin layers.
54
Hives
Raised, irregular-shaped skin eruptions with red margins and pale centers that usually result from an allergic reaction.
55
Abrasion
The scraping away of epidermal tissue
56
Contusion
Injured skin that's not broken
57
Cyst
A hollow cavity filled with liquid secretions
58
Excoriation
The superficial loss of tissue due to trauma, chemicals, or burns
59
Laceration
Broken skin layers or torn flesh
60
Macules
Nonpalpable discolored spots or patches
61
Papules
Small, solid, circumscribed, raised areas; i.e. warts, moles, pimples, etc
62
Polyp
A small growth protruding from a mucous membrane
63
Pustules
Small, elevated, circumscribed, pus-containing lesions
64
Vesicles
Blister-like elevations containing serous fluid; i.e. dermatitis, burns, chicken pox, and scabies
65
Wheals
Localized areas of edema on the body surface; i.e. urticaria or hives from an allergic reaction
66
Cicatrix
A scar from a wound that has healed
67
Hypertrophic
Firm, raised, and thickened condition of a scar
68
Keloid
A progressively enlarging, irregularly shaped scar tissue due to excessive collagen formation in the corium during tissue repair
69
Dermatitis
A general term referring to any inflammation of the skin
70
Eczema
Also known as atopic dermatitis, a common inflammatory disorder when skin patches become rough and swollen with blisters
71
Psoriasis
A chronic skin disorder that results from the overproduction of skin cells. Characterized by plaque formation on the skin.
72
Osteoblasts
Produce bones
73
Osteoclasts
Responsible for reabsorption or breakdown of bone tissue
74
Ossification
Process of bone formation
75
Axial Skeleton
Skull, Thorax, Vertebral Column
76
Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder, arm, hand, hip, leg, and foot bones
77

Integumentary (1 decks)

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