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Integumentary > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin that covers almost the entire body surface and is made of squamous epithelial cells.

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2
Q

Dermis

A

The deep layer of skin found under the epidermis. The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis and gives skin its strength and elasticity.

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3
Q

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous

A

Not truly part of the skin, but connects the skin loosely to the underlying muscles and bones

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4
Q

Hair

A

An accessory organ of the skin made of columns of tightly packed dead keratinocytes found on most of the body.

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5
Q

Nails

A

Accessory organs of the skin made of sheets of hardened keratinocytes.

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6
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

An exocrine gland found in the dermis, more commonly known as sweat glands. There are 2 types: eccrine and apocrine.

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7
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Exocrine glands found in the dermis that produce an oily secretion known as sebum.

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8
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Special exocrine glands found only in the ear canals. Produces a waxy substance called cerumen.

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9
Q

Skin

A

Forms the outer covering and barrier to protect the body. On average, weighs 10lbs and is almost 20 soft.

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10
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Produce sweat, oil, and wax to cool, protect, and moisturize the skin’s surface.

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11
Q

Arrector Pili

A

A bundle of smooth muscles attached to each hair follicle which cause the hair to stand on end when the muscles contract.

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12
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

A set of nerves in the dermis. Receptors sensitive to light touch.

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13
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle

A

A set of nerves in the dermis. Receptors stimulated by heavy pressure.

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14
Q

Ruffini Ending

A

Refers to the endings of encapsulated nerve endings found in the subcutaneous tissue and thought to mediate the sense of warmth.

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15
Q

Eccrine Glands

A

Found in almost every region of the skin and produce a secretion of water and sodium chloride. Used to lower the body’s temperature through evaporative cooling.

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16
Q

Stratum Basale/Germinativum

A

The 5th and deepest layer of the epidermis.

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17
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

The 4th layer of the epidermis.

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18
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

The 3rd layer of the epidermis.

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19
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Epithelial cells that make up the majority of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.

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20
Q

Desmosomes

A

Specialized adhesive proteins that adhere cells together and provide mechanical strength to tissues.

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21
Q

Melanocytes

A

Specialized cells found In the skin, hair, and eyes that produce melanin, giving them color.

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22
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Specialized cells found right below the epidermis that play a role in touch sensation.

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23
Q

Stratum Lucideum

A

The 2nd layer of the epidermis.

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24
Q

Lamellar Granules

A

Found in the stratum spinosum and granulosum and are secreted by keratinocytes. Create an impermeable, lipid-containing membrane that creates a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function.

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25
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost layer of skin, a thick layer of dead, flattened, keratin-filled kartinocytes that protect the underlying tissues.

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26
Q

Papillary Layer

A

Most superficial layer of the dermis

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27
Q

Reticular Layer

A

Made mostly of collagen and elastic fibers, it creates a dense layer of connective tissue that forms the inner layer of the dermis.

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28
Q

Collagen

A

The primary building block of skin, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues.

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29
Q

Elastin

A

One of the most abundant proteins in the body, it provides elasticity and flexibility to various tissues in the body.

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30
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Immune cells that play a crucial role in skin immunity.

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31
Q

Cuboidal Keratinocytes

A

Cells in the stratum basale, constantly going through mitosis to produce new cells. A precursor to the keratinocytes in the epidermis.

32
Q

Spiny Keratinocytes

A

Cells in the stratum spinous that have a spiny appearance due to the presence of desmosomes.

33
Q

Dermal Papillae

A

Small, finger-like projections of connective tissues that extend from the papillary layer into the base of hair follicles. Play a crucial role in hair growth and development.

34
Q

Follicle

A

A depression of epidermal cells deep into the dermis

35
Q

Root

A

The portion of the hair that is below the skin’s surface

36
Q

Shaft

A

The part of the hair found outside of the skin

37
Q

Cuticle of Hair

A

Outermost layer of the hair shaft. Formed of dead skin cells, overlapping in layers, which form scales that strengthen and protect the hair shaft.

38
Q

Cortex

A

The middle layer of the hair shaft, located between the cuticle and medulla.

39
Q

Medulla

A

The innermost layer of a hair shaft, sometimes called the marrow of the hair.

40
Q

Cuticle (Eponychium) of Nail

A

A layer of epithelium that overlaps and covers the edge of the nail body. Helps to seal the edges of the nail to prevent infection.

41
Q

Free Edge of Nail

A

Distal end portion of the nail that has grown beyond the finger or toe

42
Q

Hyponychium

A

The layer of skin located beneath the free edge of the nail plate, where the nail meets the fingertip. Acts as a waterproof barrier, protecting the nail bed from infections.

43
Q

Lunula

A

The crescent shaped area at the base of the nail.

44
Q

Nail Body

A

Visible external portion of the nail

45
Q

Nail Root

A

Portion of the nail found under the skin

46
Q

Cerumen

A

A waxy substance that protects that ear canals and lubricates the eardrum.

47
Q

Keratinization/Cornification

A

The process of keratin accumulating within keratinocytes.

48
Q

Apocrine Glands

A

Sweat glands found mainly in the axillary and pubic regions of the body. Inactive until puberty, when they produce a thick, oily liquid consumed by bacteria on the skin, creating body odor.

49
Q

Pruritis

A

Due to histamine release from the skin cells in response to an allergic reaction.

50
Q

Erythema

A

Caused by increased blood flow to the affected area of the skin.

51
Q

Scaling

A

Due to excess keratin buildup in the epidermis layer of the skin.

52
Q

Lesion

A

An area of diseased skin tissue and is classified as primary or secondary.

53
Q

Ulcer

A

An open lesion, results from tissue damage in the skin layers.

54
Q

Hives

A

Raised, irregular-shaped skin eruptions with red margins and pale centers that usually result from an allergic reaction.

55
Q

Abrasion

A

The scraping away of epidermal tissue

56
Q

Contusion

A

Injured skin that’s not broken

57
Q

Cyst

A

A hollow cavity filled with liquid secretions

58
Q

Excoriation

A

The superficial loss of tissue due to trauma, chemicals, or burns

59
Q

Laceration

A

Broken skin layers or torn flesh

60
Q

Macules

A

Nonpalpable discolored spots or patches

61
Q

Papules

A

Small, solid, circumscribed, raised areas; i.e. warts, moles, pimples, etc

62
Q

Polyp

A

A small growth protruding from a mucous membrane

63
Q

Pustules

A

Small, elevated, circumscribed, pus-containing lesions

64
Q

Vesicles

A

Blister-like elevations containing serous fluid; i.e. dermatitis, burns, chicken pox, and scabies

65
Q

Wheals

A

Localized areas of edema on the body surface; i.e. urticaria or hives from an allergic reaction

66
Q

Cicatrix

A

A scar from a wound that has healed

67
Q

Hypertrophic

A

Firm, raised, and thickened condition of a scar

68
Q

Keloid

A

A progressively enlarging, irregularly shaped scar tissue due to excessive collagen formation in the corium during tissue repair

69
Q

Dermatitis

A

A general term referring to any inflammation of the skin

70
Q

Eczema

A

Also known as atopic dermatitis, a common inflammatory disorder when skin patches become rough and swollen with blisters

71
Q

Psoriasis

A

A chronic skin disorder that results from the overproduction of skin cells. Characterized by plaque formation on the skin.

72
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Produce bones

73
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Responsible for reabsorption or breakdown of bone tissue

74
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation

75
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, Thorax, Vertebral Column

76
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Shoulder, arm, hand, hip, leg, and foot bones

77
Q
A

Integumentary (1 decks)

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