skin Flashcards
adip/o
fatty
cutan/o
skin
dermat/o, derm/o
skin
hidr/o
sweat
ichthy/o
fish, scaly
Kerat/o
Horny Tissue
lip/o
fatty
melan/o
black, very dark
onych/o
nail
pil/o
hair
seb
sebum, sebaceous glands
steat/o
fat
trich/o
hair
xanth/o
hair
xer/o
dry
Integument
Skin and all the elements that are contained within and arise from it
Epidermis
outer portion of the skin containing several strata
dermis
layer of skin beneath the epidermis containing blood vessels, nerves and some glands
subcutaneous layer / Hypodermis
Bottom layer of the skin containing fatty tissue
Outer Strata
Layer of Tissue, especially a layer of the skin
squamous epithelium
Flat, scaly layer of cells that makes up the epidermis.
stratified
Layers of epithelial cells that make up the strata of epithelium of the epidermis.
stratum corneum
Top sublayer of the epidermis.
keratin
Hard, horny protein that forms nails and hair.
stratum germinativum
Bottom sublayer of the epidermis.
melanocyte
Cell in the epidermis that produces melanin.
melanin
Pigment produced by melanocytes that determines skin, hair, and eye color.
collagen
Major protein substance that is tough and flexible and that forms connective tissue in the body.
striae
Stretch marks made in the collagen fibers of the dermis layer.
adipose
Fatty; relating to fat.
hair shaft
Portion of the hair visible above the skin surface.
hair root
Portion of the hair beneath the skin surface.
hair follicle
Tubelike sac in the dermis out of which the hair shaft develops.
alopecia
Lack of hair in spots; baldness.
epilation
Removal of hair by the roots.
depilation
Removal of hair by the roots.
nail
Thin layer of keratin that covers the distal portion of fingers and toes.
lunula
Half-moon-shaped area at the base of the nail plate.
cuticle
Thin band of epidermis that surrounds the edge of nails, except at the top.
sweat glands
Coiled glands of the skin that secrete perspiration to regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
exocrine gland
- Any gland that releases substances through ducts to a specific location. 2. Glands that secrete through ducts toward the outside of the body.
diaphoresis
Excretion of fluid by the sweat glands; sweating.
pore
Opening or hole, particularly in the skin.
eccrine glands
Sweat glands that occur all over the body, except where the apocrine glands occur.
ceruminous [sĕ-RŪ-mĭn-ŭs] glands
Glands that secrete a waxy substance on the surface of the ear.
sebaceous [sĕ-BĀ-shŭs] glands
Glands in the dermis that open to hair follicles and secrete sebum.
sebum
Oily substance, usually secreted into the hair follicle.
dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin.
dermabrasion
Removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers
hidrosis
Production and excretion of sweat.
ichthyosis
Congenital skin disorder characterized by dryness and peeling
keratosis
Lesion on the epidermis containing keratin.
melanoma
Malignancy arising from cells that form melanin.
liposuction
Removal of unwanted fat by suctioning through tubes placed under the skin.
mycosis
Condition caused by a fungus.
onychotomy
Incision into a nail.
seborrhea
Overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands.
pilocystic
Relating to a skin cyst with hair.
steatitis
Inflammation of fatty tissue.
trichopathy
Disease of hair.
xanthoma
Yellow growth or discoloration of the skin.
xeroderma
Excessive dryness of the skin.
exudate
Any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin.
Any fluid excreted out of tissue, especially fluid excreted out of an injury to the skin.
patch test
Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small dose of antigen is applied to the skin on a small piece of gauze.
scratch test
Test for allergic sensitivity in which a small amount of antigen is scratched onto the surface of the skin.
intradermal
Test that injects antigen or protein between layers of skin.
Mantoux test:
Test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected intradermally with a syringe.
Purified protein derivative
Diagnostic aid in the detection of tuberculosis.
tine test, TB tine
Screening test for tuberculosis in which a small dose of tuberculin is injected into a series of sites within a small space with a tine (instrument that punctures the surface of the skin).
lesion
Wound, damage, or injury to the skin.
vascular lesion
Lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin.
macule
Small, flat, noticeably colored spot on the skin.
patch
Small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area.
papule
Solid elevation on the skin.
nodule
Small knob of tissue.
plaque
Small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; buildup of solid material, such as a fatty deposit, on the lining of an artery.
polyp
Bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface.
sessile polyp
Polyp that projects upward from a broad base
pediculated polyp
Polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk.
tumor
Any mass of tissue; swelling.
wheal
Itchy patch of raised skin.
bulla
Bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin.
pustule
Small elevation on the skin containing pus.
vesicle
Small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid.
cyst
Abnormal sac containing fluid.
pilonidal cyst
Cyst containing hair usually found at the lower end of the spinal column.
sebaceous cyst
Cyst containing yellow sebum.
erosion
Wearing away of the surface of the skin, especially when caused by friction.
excoriation
Injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn, usually accompanied by some oozing.
fissure
Deep slit in the skin; deep furrow or slit (as in bone); one of many indentations of the cerebrum; sulcus.
ulcer
Open lesion, usually with superficial loss of tissue.
decubitus / decubitus ulcer
Chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure; pressure sore.
pressure ulcer
Chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure.
crust
Hard layer, especially one formed by dried pus, as in a scab.
keloid
Thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury or surgery.
rubeola
Disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles.
rubella
Disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles.
roseola
Skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus.
varicella
Contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of pustules; chickenpox.
impetigo
A type of pyoderma.
pyoderma
Any inflammation of the skin that produces pus
tinea
Fungal infection; ringworm.
ringworm
Fungal infection; tinea.
pruritus
Itching
candidiasis
Yeastlike fungus on the skin, caused by Candida; characterized by pruritus, white exudate, peeling, and easy bleeding; examples are thrush and diaper rash.
dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin.
urticaria
Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy.
hives
Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy.
eczema
Severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause.
ecchymosis
Purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface.
petechia
A tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin; minute hemorrhages in the skin.
purpura
Skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area
furuncle
Localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil.
rosacea
Vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks.
carbuncle
nfected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever.
abscess
Localized collection of pus and other exudate; usually accompanied by swelling and redness.
gangrene
Death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area.
herpes
An inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family Herpesviridae.
herpes simplex virus type 1
Herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress.
herpes simplex virus type 2
Herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.
herpes zoster
Painful herpes that affects nerve roots; shingles.
cold sore
Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1.
fever blister
Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1.
genital herpes
Herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact.
shingles
Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster.
wart
Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus.
verruca
Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart.
plantar
Wart on the sole of the foot.
cellulitis
Severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling.
acne
Inflammatory eruption of the skin; occurring in or near sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulders, or upper back.
comedo
Open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum; common in acne; blackhead.
acne vulgaris
Inflammatory eruption of the skin; occurring in or near sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulders, or upper back.
blackhead
Open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum; common in acne; comedo.
whitehead
Closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads.
scleroderma
Thickening of the skin caused by an increase in collagen formation.
psoriasis
Chronic skin condition accompanied by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus.
seborrhea
Overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands.
burn
Damage to the skin caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or other skin irritants.
first-degree burn
Superficial burns of the epidermis without blistering but with redness and swelling. Sunburn. There is mild to moderate pain and the skin is intact often radiates heat. Cold compresses will relieve the pain and reduce the swelling. Continual sunburns may be a cause of skin cancer
second-degree burn
Moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involves blistering.
third-degree burn
Most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin.
pediculosis
Lice infestation.
scabies
Skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin.
onychia / Onychitis
Inflammation of the nail.
paronychia
Inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the nail plate.
onychopathy
Disease of the nail.
neoplasm
Abnormal tissue growth.
callus
Mass of hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially the feet and hands.
corn
Growth of hard skin, usually on the toes.
keratosis
Lesion on the epidermis containing keratin.
basal cell carcinoma
Slow-growing cancer of basal cells of the epidermis, usually a result of sun damage.
squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer of the squamous epithelium.
Kaposi sarcoma
After Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902): Hungarian dermatologist; skin cancer associated with AIDS.
malignant melanoma
Virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun.
alopecia areata
Loss of hair in patches.
plastic surgery
Repair or reconstruction (as of the skin) by means of surgery.
skin graft
Placement of fresh skin over a damaged area.
autograft
Skin graft using skin from one’s own body.
homograft
Skin graft using donor skin from one person to another; allograft.
allograft
Skin graft using donor skin from one person to another; homograft.
heterograft / Xenograft
Skin graft using donor skin from one species to another;
cryosurgery
Surgery that removes tissue by freezing it with liquid nitrogen; removal or destruction of tissue using cold temperatures.
dermabrasion
Removal of wrinkles, scars, tattoos, and other marks by scraping with brushes or emery papers.
debridement
Removal of dead tissue from a wound.
curettage
Removal of tissue from an area, such as a wound, by scraping.
cauterize
To apply heat to an area to cause coagulation and stop bleeding.
fulguration
Destruction of tissue using electric sparks.
biopsy
Excision of tissue for microscopic examination.
Mohs’ surgery
After Frederic Edward Mohs (1910-1979), US surgeon; removal of thin layers of malignant tissue until nonmalignant tissue is found.
Punch biopsy
Use of a cylindrical instrument to remove a small piece of tissue
shave biopsy
the removal of a layer of skin using a surgical blade.
Needle biopsy
removal of tissue by aspirating it through a needle
chemotherapy
Treatment of cancer that uses chemicals to destroy malignant cells.
radiation therapy
Treatment of cancer that uses ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells
ultraviolet light
Artificial sunlight used to treat some skin lesions.
antihistamine
Agent that controls allergic reactions by blocking the effectiveness of histamines in the body.
antibiotic
Agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.
antiseptic
Agent that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.
antibacterial
Agent that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
antifungal
Agent that kills or slows the growth of fungi.
anti-inflammatory
Agent that relieves the symptoms of inflammation.
corticosteroid
Agent with anti-inflammatory properties.
antipruritic
Agent that controls itching.
anesthetic
Agent that relieves pain by blocking nerve sensations.
topical anesthetic
Anesthetic applied to the surface of the skin.
emollient
Agent that smooths or softens skin.
astringent
Agent that removes excess oils and impurities from the surface of the skin.
keratolytic
Agent that aids in the removal of warts and corns.
alpha-hydroxy
Agent added to cosmetics to improve the skin’s appearance.
Antipruritics
Used to control itching
corticosteroid
Agent with anti-inflammatory properties.
BSA
Body surface area
bx, BX, Bx
Biopsy
Derm
Dermatology
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus/disease
HSV
herpes simples virus
I&D
incision and drainage
ID
Infectious deisease
oint
ointment
PPD
purified protein derivative - used in skin test for tuberculosis
Staph
Staphylococcus
STI
Sexually transmitted infections
Strep
streptococcus
TB
Tuberculosis
