Skin Flashcards
A pt presents with lesions in the scalp and/or nails. What is this a tell tale sign for diagnosis?
Psoriasis
This disorder has typical oval plaques with well defined borders and silvery scales
Psoriasis
How long does it take for a completely whole new epidermis to be replaced?
25-45 days
If new epidermis is being created faster than the 25-45 day normal range, what could develop from the faster, un-mature epidermis?
Psoriasis
Epidermis, dermis & hypodermis
What is the integument system (skin)
outermost superficial region?
epidermis
superficial fascia?
Hypodermis
Deepest region?
Hypodermis
What are the distinctive cell types of the outermost superficial region?
Keratinocytes, melanocytes and langerhans’ cells
What are the layers of the outermost superficial region?
Stratum Corneum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum and Stratum basale (germinativum)
What are the layers of the outermost superficial region is waterproof and why?
Stratum granulosum and it is water proof due to housing the glycolipids from lamellated granules and keratohyaline granules.
What are the layers of the outermost superficial region is housing the mitotic stem cells and what % of them are new cells?
Stratum Basale. they house 25% of all new cells and they also house merkel cells and melanocytes.
What are the layers of the outermost superficial region full of pre keratin?
Startum Spinosum. The pre keratin is made in thick bundles of intermediate filaments
What are the cells found in the Stratum Spinosum?
Keratinocytes, desmosomes and langerhans’ cells
produce the fibrous protein keratin (main structural protein of skin, hair, nails)
Keratinocytes
produce the brown pigment melanin
Melanocytes
epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
Langerhans’ cells
function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
Merkel cells
Which layer of the outermost superficial region are found mainly in the soles of feet and the palm of hands?
Statum lucidum
which cells in the outermost superficial region undergo mitosis, which produce keratinocytes?
Basal cells in the Stratum basale (GERMinativum) layer
No matter how dark or light someone skin color is… we all have the same amount of these?
Melanocytes
What protects us from UV light?
Melanocytes
What can cause free radicals?
UVA
What type of light causes direct damage to DNA?
UVB
This cell have a threadlike cytoplasmia-filled extensions that are used in passing these granules to the keratinocyte?
Melanocytes
Prevents UVB radiation damage, protective against skin cancers
Melanin
What type of person would have zero Melanin?
One affected with albinism
This has a greater local concentration of melanin
Freckles and moles
what stimulates melanin production?
Sunlight
Type I –VI
Fitzpatrick phototyping scale
Type I is?
Very light/pale white which that person always burns, never tans
type VI is?
black very dark brown to black, never burns and can be very easily de-pigmented
skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue
Dermis
Cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
Dermis
Only this layer is vascularized?
Dermis
what are the two layers of the dermis?
Papillary and reticular
main structural protein of connective tissue
Collagen
protein, imparts elastic properties
Elastin
fine meshwork protein
Reticulin
the dermis contains what proteins?
Collagen, Elastin, and Reticulin
Papillary layer contains?
dermal papillae
cleavage or tension lines where less dense, important for surgical incisions – parallel incisions heal with less scar and faster
Reticular Layer
Extreme dermal stretch might result in?
striae
what are striae?
stretch marks
lines that surgeons will cut along?
Langerhans lines
Subcutaneous layer is called?
Hypodermis
Nails, hair, Sebaceous Glands, Eccrine Sweat Glands, Apocrine Sweat Glands, Blood Vessels Nerves and Fat
Dermal Appendages of the hypodermis
Hard Keratin
Nails
responsible for nail growth
Nail Matrix, Grow about 1mm every week
where does one check for capillary refill?
nails
fungal disease of the nail that is hard to treat
onychomycosis
nail angle increased to atleast 180 degrees is called?
clubbing
pitting of nails indicate?
psoriasis
What are the 4 types of burns?
Radiation
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
How do you determine how significant the burn damage is?
Depth and Size of the burn
Bulla
Blister
larger than .5cm
2nd degree burn
pustule
Pus filled sac
Pimple
Cyst
Fluid filled mass deep
Telangiectasia
(Spider angioma)
Tiny red blood vessel lesion formed by dialation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole
Most common on face neck or chest
Scale
Think flake of exfolative epidermis
Ex dandruff
Keloid
Abnorm growth of scartissue thick and irrgecular
Lichenification
Leathering and thickening
ex: in atopic dermatitis
Excoriation
Scratch mark
Macule
discolored flat spot up to 1 cm
Ex freckle
Fissure
Linear crack in the skin
Erosion
Gnawed away
Loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding
Ex: after vesicle rupture
Ulcer
Open soar on the skin Or mucus membrane
Can bleed and scar; sometimes accompanied by infection
Ex: decubitis ulcer
Petechiae
Reddish brown spot, small purpura
Hemmoragic spots, indicate bleeding
Purpura
Purple spot, from hemorrhages into the skin
Comedone
Open- open to skin surface with black center from melanin exposed to air
Closed- below skin surface with white center
Patch
Flat discolored are on the skin larger than 1cm
Ex vitiligo
Papule
Solid mass on the skin up to .5cm in diameter
Ex Mole
Plaque
Solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter
Limited to skin surface
Nodule
Solid mass greater than 1 cm
Extends deeper into epidermis
Tumor
Solid mass larger than 1-2cm
Wheal
Area of localized skin edema
Ex: hive
Vesicle
Little bladder
Elevated fluid filled sac up to .5 cm
Within or under epidermis
Ex: blister
