skin

Question 1

function of the skin

Answer 1

The skin keeps the body in homeostasis despite daily assaults from the environment. It retains body fluids while protecting underlying tissues from microorganisms, harmful substances, and radiation. It modulates body temperature and synthesizes vitamin D.

Question 2

structure of the skin

Answer 2

epidermis : stratum corneum ( dead keratinized cells) and stratum basale and the stratum spinosum, (forms melanin and keratin )

the dermis: dense layer of interconnecting collagen and elastic fibers containing pilosebaceous glands (oil glands), sweat glands, hair follicles, and cutaneous nerves.

subcutaneous tissue: fat tissue

Question 3

common concern and symptoms

Answer 3

Lesions
Rashes and itching (pruritus) Hair loss and nail changes

Question 4

lesion

Answer 4

is any single area of altered skin. It may be solitary or multiple

Question 5

rash

Answer 5

a widespread eruption of lesions

does it itch?
Does itching precede the rash or follow the rash?
seasonal allergies with itching and watery eyes
OTC product, drug

Question 6

onychomycosis,

Question 7

habit tic deformity,

Question 8

melanonychia

Question 9

Hair shedding at the roots is common in telogen effluvium and alopecia areata. Hair breaks along the shaft suggest damage from hair care or tinea capitis.

Question 10

Good description of skin lesions

Answer 10

number, size, color, shape, texture, primary lesion, location, and configuration.

Question 11

ABCDE-EFG method

Answer 11

A symmetry
B order irregularity
C olor variations
D iameter >6 mm
E volving or changing
E levation;
F irmness to palpation and; progressive
G rowing over several weeks.

Question 12

Primary lesion

Answer 12

lesion developed as a direct result of the disease process

Question 13

secondary lesion

Answer 13

lesion evolved from primary lesion , or as a consequence of the patient’s activity

Question 14

A macule

Answer 14

is a circumscribed flat area of change in color of the skin <1 cm in diameter.

Examples include freckles, flat moles, and port-wine stains and the rashes of rickettsial infections, rubella, and measles.

Question 15

patch

Answer 15

is a circumscribed flat area of change in color of the skin >1 cm in diameter.

Question 16

papule

Answer 16

small solid elevation of the skin <1 cm in diameter.

Examples include nevi, warts, lichen planus, insect bites, seborrheic keratoses, actinic keratoses, acne, and skin cancers

Question 17

plaque

Answer 17

is a large flatter elevation of the skin, sometimes
formed by papules coalescing

examples Lesions of psoriasis

Question 18

nodule

Answer 18

is a solid elevation of the skin >1 cm in diameter that usually extends into the deeper skin layers.

Examples include cysts, lipomas, and fibromas.

Question 19

pustule

Answer 19

is a small circumscribed elevation of the
epidermis filled with purulent fluid.

bacterial infections and folliculitis.

Question 20

vesicle

Answer 20

is a small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing clear fluid <1 cm in diameter.

herpes infections, acute allergic contact dermatitis,

Question 21

bulla

Answer 21

circumscribed elevation of the epidermis containing clear fluid >1 cm in diameter.

pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid.

Question 22

wheal

Answer 22

circumscribed, raised lesion consisting of dermal edema and is also known as hives or urticaria. Wheals typically last <24 hours.

hypersensitivity to drugs; stings or bites;autoimmunity;

Question 23

erosions

Answer 23

(loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium),

Question 24

ulcers

Answer 24

(deeper loss of the epidermis and at least the upper dermis),

Question 25

petechiae

Answer 25

(nonblanchable punctate foci of hemorrhage),

Question 26

purpura

Answer 26

(nonblanchable, raised and palpable),

Answer 27

Psoriasis frequently affects the scalp, extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, umbilicus, and the gluteal cleft.
Lichen planus frequently arises on the wrists, forearms, genitals, and lower legs.

Question 28

Distribution

Answer 28

how the skin lesions are scattered or spread out.
if particular body parts are affected
random or patterned

Question 29

Configuration

Answer 29

shape of single lesions and the arrangement of groups of lesions.

Linear or striate (straight line); annular (ring- like, with central clearing); nummular or discoid (coin- shaped, no central clearing); target, bull’s eye, or iris and serpiginous or gyrate (having linear, branched, and curving elements).

Question 30

contact dermatitis

Answer 30

erythematous papules and vesicles with linear array

Question 31

atopic dermatitis

Question 32

impetigo

Question 33

cellulitis

Question 34

urticaria

Question 35

psoriasis

Answer 35

Scattered erythematous to bright pink well-circumscribed flat-topped plaques on extensor knees and elbows, with overlying silvery scale;

Question 36

folliculitis

Question 37

furuncles

Answer 37

Inflamed hair follicle; multiple furuncles together form a carbuncle

Question 38

impetigo

Question 39

necrotizing fascutus

Question 40

varicella

Question 41

herpes simplex 1

Answer 41

vesicles and pustules on erythematous base

Question 42

herpe zoster

Question 43

molluschi contagiosim

Answer 43

ink firm smooth-domed papules with central umbilications, in mons pubis, and on penile shaft

Question 44

pityriasis rosea

Answer 44

oval, flat-topped superficial erythematous to skin-colored plaque

Question 45

tinea

Question 46

scabies

Question 47

pediculosis

Question 48

skin tumor