Skin

Question 1

Integrumentary System

Answer 1

-Cutaneous membrane
-Accessory structures

Question 2

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 2

Epidermis and Dermis

Question 3

Accessory structures

Answer 3

-Hair Follicles
-Exocrine Glands
-Nails

Question 4

Functions of Integumentary System

Answer 4

-Protects underlying tissues and organs
-Excrete salts, water, and organic wastes
-Maintain normal body temperature
-Produce melanin and keratin
-Synthesize vitamin D3
-Store lipids in adipocytes in the dermis and in adipose tissue in the hypodermis
-Detect touch, pressure, pain, and temperature stimuli, and relay that information to the nervous system

Question 5

Only has one extra layer and on hands and feet

Answer 5

Thick skin

Question 6

Outer layer of skin

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 7

Keratinocytes, Tactile cell, and Melanocyte

Answer 7

Cells of the epidermis

Question 8

The 5 layers of epidermis

Answer 8

-Stratum corneum
-Stratum lucidum
-Stratum granulosum
-Stratum spinosum
-Stratum basale

Question 9

-Outer and thickest layer
-20-30 layers
-Dead cells with keratin

Answer 9

Stratum corneum

Question 10

-Clear, lots of keratin
-ONLY ON fingertips, palms, and soles

Answer 10

Stratum lucidum

Question 11

-Granules - water repellent
-Cells get flatter
-Darker layer
-Keratin sacks can rupture

Answer 11

Stratum granulosum

Question 12

-Strength and flexibility
-Strong
-Looks like velocro

Answer 12

Stratum spinosum

Question 13

-Stem cells will divide
-Highly mitotic
-Changes as age
-Corrugated border
-Stem cell become all other cells of Epidermis

Answer 13

Stratum basale

Question 14

“up the BASement Stairs to GRAb LUnch and a COke”

Answer 14

Acronym for deepest to most superficial

Question 15

Epithelial tissue is…

Answer 15

Avascular

Question 16

Cleavage lines are…

Answer 16

the direction of the collagen fibers in the dermis

Question 17

Low oxygen levels in the blood cause the lips, and fingers, and toes to look blue (cyanotic)

Answer 17

Jaundice

Question 18

What happens when ultraviolet radiation hits melanocytes

Answer 18

-Immune cells are damaged
-Inflammatory mediators released
-DNA damage
-Can cause skin cancer but also produce more melanin

Question 19

-Basal cells carcinoma (DNA has been damage)
-Squamous cell carcinoma (Further up in epidermis)
-Melanoma (Can matricide in 3 years)

Answer 19

Types of skin cancers

Question 20

If a tissue dies, it’s necrotic and…

Answer 20

…can cause bed sores (decubitus ulcers)

Question 21

Burn that only affects the outer layer of skin, epidermis

Answer 21

First degree burn

Question 22

Partial-Thickness burn, through part of dermis

Answer 22

Second degree burn

Question 23

Full-thickness burn, through cutaneous and subcutaneous membranes

Answer 23

Third degree burn

Question 24

Rule of nines; used to estimate extent burns

Answer 24

-The front and back of head equals 9% (4.5% anterior and 4.5% posterior)
-The front and back of each arm and hand equals 9% (4.5% for anterior and 4.5% for posterior)
-The front and back of each lower limb equals 18% (9% for anterior and 9% for posterior)

Question 25

Totals in the rule of nines

Answer 25

-Anterior and posterior head and neck, 9%
-Anterior and posterior upper limbs, 18%
-Anterior and posterior trunk, 36%
-Perineum, 1%
-Anterior and posterior lower limbs, 36%
= 100%

Question 26

Skin Functions Affected by Burns

Answer 26

-Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
-Thermoregulation
-Protection from Infection