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SUGER > SKIN > Flashcards

SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous fatty tissue

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2
Q

Layers of epidermis

A

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

COME LETS GET SUN BURNT

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3
Q

What does the stratum corneum contain ?

A

Annulated keratinocytes

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4
Q

What does stratum lucidum contain?

A

Annulated keratinocytes (with keratohyalin)

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5
Q

Stratum granulosum contains?

A

Keratohyaline granules
Lysosomal enzymes
Odland bodies (lipids, prevents water loss)

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6
Q

Stratum spinosum?

A

Has 5-10 layers
Plump polygonal keratinocytes
Langerhans and merkel cells

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7
Q

Stratum basal?

A

Basal epithelial cells and melanocytes
Columnar perpendicular to basement membrane
Mitotically active

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8
Q

Skin brick wall model - good picture on SUGER renal and skin power point for revision

A

In the model the skin cells are the bricks
Corneodesmosomes are steel rods that join cells together (the adhesion molecules that keep corneocytes together)
The lipid lamellae is the cement

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9
Q

pH of healthy skin?

A

5.5

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10
Q

Function of vitamin D in stratum corneum?

A

Produces anti microbial peptides for defending skin from bacteria and viruses

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11
Q

Profilaggrin

A

Found in stratum granulosum. Cleaved to filaggrin

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12
Q

What is the significance of an acidic pH

A

Maintains environment unsuitable for serine protease activity

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13
Q

Healthy skin barrier - look at PTS notes - what do they contain?

A

Swelled corneocytes, cornified envelope which surround corneocytes, intact corneodesmosomes between corneocytes and lipid lamellae

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14
Q

NMF iS found in swelled corneocytes

What is it

A

Natural moisturising factor - collection of natural humectants which maintain skin hydration - produced by filaggrin - also helps maintain acidic environment at outer surface of stratum corneum

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15
Q

How do we balance the introduction of new cells in the basal layer of the epidermis?

A

Mature corneocytes are shed from the surface of the swelled corneocytes(dunno what SC stands for) in process called desquamation

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16
Q

What is desquamation?

A

The degradation of extracellular corneodesmosomes by proteases regulated by protease inhibitors

17
Q

Optimum ph for serine protease activity?

A

Slightly alkaline in contrast to normal acidic ph of the skin

18
Q

Where is vitamin D synthesised?

A

Stratum spinosum

19
Q

Pneumonic for layers of epidermis

A

Come let’s get sun burnt

20
Q

What are Annulated keratinocytes?

A

Dead keratinocytes
They are keratinocytes attached to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes
They migrate upwards towards the corneum where desquamation occurs

21
Q

Where are corneocytes found ?

A

Stratum corneum

22
Q

Corneocytes involved in?

A

Protection

23
Q

Keratohyaline granules
Lysosomal enzymes
Odland bodies
All involved in?

A

Preventing water loss

24
Q

What are keratinocytes, Langerhans and Merkel Cells involved in?

A

Immunity sensation

25
Q

Melanocytes involved in?

A

Skin pigmentation - how dark you are

26
Q

What are the 2 parts of the dermis?

A

Superficial - Papillary dermis

Deep - reticular dermis

27
Q

Function of the dermis?

A

Gives skin strength and elasticity

28
Q

Components of the dermis?

A

Papillary dermis: meshwork of type 3 collagen and elastic fibres
Reticular dermis: bundles of type 1 collagen - contains sebaceous glands sweat glands and sensory cells

29
Q

What does the subcutaneous fatty layer contain

A

Hypodermis
Adipocytes with fibrous tissue
Functions: insulation energy store shock absorbent

30
Q

What does the lipid lamellae do?

A

Keeps water inside the cell - irritants and allergens bounce off surface of skin due to lipid lamellae - acts like a barrier

31
Q

The importance of profillagrin?

A
  1. Profilaggrin and therefore Filaggrin not present which Causes a Lack of NMF
  2. Less H2O retention in corneocytes
  3. pH goes up
  4. Damages corneodesmosomes, damage to skin barrier
  5. Breakdown of skin barrier
  6. Increased risk of infection
32
Q

Skin flare ups

A

Caused by allergens which are unable to penetrate skin
Met by lymphocytes which release chemicals
The chemicals induce inflammation

33
Q

Red skin is due to…

A

Dilation of blood vessels

34
Q

Itchy skin due to…

A

Stimulation of nerves

35
Q

Dry skin due to…

A

Skin cells leaking due to lymphocyte activity

SUGER (3 decks)

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