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PE - Skill Aquisition > Skills, Continuums And Transfers > Flashcards

Skills, Continuums And Transfers Flashcards

1
Q

What is an open skill?

A

A skill that is in a changing environment
Perpeptual
Externally paced
E.g. ruby pass

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2
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

A skill in an unchanging environment
Habitual
Internally paced
E.g. Tennis serve

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3
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

A skill that requires large muscle groups
Doesn’t require precision
E.g. weight lifting

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4
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

A sill that requires a small group of muscles
Intricate
Requires precision and accuracy
E.g. Spinning cricket ball

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5
Q

What is an externally paced skill?

A

A skill that requires environmental factors
Determines whe the performer starts
E.g. catching

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6
Q

What is a self-paced skill?

A

A skill where the performer determines when to start
E.g. Golf swing

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7
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

A skill that requires decision making
Perpetual
E.g. Passing in foootball

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8
Q

What is a simple skill?

A

A skill that requires minimum decision making
Habitual
E.g. High jump

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9
Q

What is a high organisation skill?

A

A skill that is difficult to break down into sub-routines
Often flowing when performed
E.g. sprinting

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10
Q

What is a low organisation skill?

A

A skill that is easy to break down into sub-routines
E.g. Cricket bowling

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11
Q

What is a discrete skill?

A

A skill with a clear beginning and end
E.g. Free shot

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12
Q

What is a continuous skill?

A

A skill with an unclear beginning and end
E.g. Cycling

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13
Q

What is a serial skill?

A

A skill with a number of discrete skills joined together
E.g. triple jump

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14
Q

What is part practise?

A

Skills that are broken down easily into sub-routines then they are practised separately

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15
Q

What is an advantage of part practise?

A

More detailed understanding, focused learning, limits information overload

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16
Q

What are disadvantages of part practise?

A

Time consuming, can be boring, limits development of the entire practise

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17
Q

What is whole practise?

A

Practise that is not broken down into subroutines, the skill is learned in its complete form, movements are attempted holistically

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18
Q

What are disadvantages of whole practise?

A

Unsuitable for complex skills, can be too fast, difficult for those with low stages of learning/cognitive ability

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19
Q

What are advantages of whole practise?

A

Good for high organisation skills, saves time, encourages fluency, creates a mental picture

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20
Q

What is whole-part-whole practise?

A

The skill is practised in its entirety, the into sub-routines practised separately, then the skill is practised completely again

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21
Q

What are advantages of whole-part-whole practise?

A

Good for low organisation, serial, and complex skills, open and closed skills, allows focus on sub-routines, the entire skill can be practised early

22
Q

What are disadvantages of whole-part-whole practise?

A

Unsuitable for high organisation skills, can be difficult for those with low motivation and ability, requires lots of information to process, can be de-motivating to return to sub-routines

23
Q

What is progressive part practise?

A

When parts/subroutines of a skill can be practised separately, then combined gradually in to larger parts until the whole skill is achieved

24
Q

What are advantages of progressive part practise?

A

Good for low organisation, serial, and complex skills, quicker, gives chance for recap

25
Q

What are disadvantages of progressive part practise?

A

Unsuitable for high organisation skills, limited awareness of the whole skill, can be de-motivating, takes time

26
Q

What is transfer?

A

The influence of one skill onto another

27
Q

What is massed practise?

A

Continuous practise of simple skills without breaks

28
Q

Advantages of massed practise?

A

Ideal for discrete skills, good for the autonomous stage and the experienced/older, helps to over learn the skill

29
Q

Disadvantages of massed practise?

A

Can be exhausting, could cause drive reduction, can lead to chronic injuries

30
Q

What is distributed practise?

A

Practise is interrupted with breaks or discussion and recovery

31
Q

Advantages of distributed practise?

A

Ideal for high energy, continuous skills, good for complex/danger skills, time for rest, mental rehearsal and reinforcement

32
Q

Disadvantages of distributed practises?

A

Can cause disjointed practise, can be hard to regain intensity, demotivating if breaks are frequent

33
Q

What is fixed practise?

A

Continuous practise of a specific skill

34
Q

Advantages of fixed practise?

A

Ideal for closed skills, good for the cognitive phase, can perfect the skill, developed motor programmes and competition is replicated

35
Q

Disadvantages of fixed practise?

A

Not suitable fir open skills, may become boring, does not prepare for game situations, can cause drive reductions, can lead to chronic injuries

36
Q

What is varied practise?

A

Practising skills in different situations

37
Q

Advantages of varied practise?

A

Ideal for open skills, good for the autonomous stage of learning, stimulates interest and motivation

38
Q

Disadvantages of varied practise?

A

Basic skills must first be learned in a foxed practise, too many stimuli may cause overload, not effective in helping to over-learn skills

39
Q

What is negative transfer?

A

When one skill hinders another, looks similar yet counter intuitive

40
Q

What is an example of negative transfer?

A

Golf drive —> cricket drive
Basketball shot —> Netball shot

41
Q

What is positive transfer?

A

One skill helps the advancement of another

42
Q

What is an example of positive transfer?

A

Tennis serve —> Volleyball serve
Cricket throw —> javelin

43
Q

What is retroactive transfer?

A

A newly learnt skill has an impact on a previously learnt skills (positive or negative)

44
Q

What is proactive transfer?

A

A previously learnt skill has an impact on a newly learnt skill (positive or negative)

45
Q

What is bilateral transfer?

A

Being able to do and learn the skill with both sides of the body (positive or negative)

46
Q

What is an example of bilateral transfer?

A

Football dribble
Tennis (back/forehand)

47
Q

What is an example of bilateral transfer?

A

Football dribble
Tennis (back/forehand)

48
Q

What is zero-transfer?

A

No transfer onto a skill

49
Q

What is an example of zero-transfer?

A

Hockey hit —> front crawl

50
Q

What optimises positive transfer?

A
  • Make practises game-related and realistic
  • Explain or point out similarities between skills
  • Teach similar skills together
  • Use positive reinforcement and praise
  • Build the subroutines of a skill progressively, give clear demonstrations
  • Teach fundamentals first

PE - Skill Aquisition (4 decks)

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