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Foundations Of Para Res School > Skills and Procedures - Indicators, Contraindicators and Precautions > Flashcards

Skills and Procedures - Indicators, Contraindicators and Precautions Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for an OPA

A
  1. Maintain airway patency
  2. Bite block for intubated patients
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2
Q

Contraindications for an OPA

A
  1. Conscious Patient
  2. Patients with an intact gag reflex
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3
Q

Precautions of an OPA

A
  1. Airway trauma
  2. Intolerance of OPA requiring removal
  3. Vomiting or aspiration in a patient with an intact gag reflex
  4. Incorrect size or placement can potentially exacerbate airway obstruction
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4
Q

Procedure for inserting an OPA

A
  1. Measure the OPA from the centre of the patients mouth to the angle of their jaw
  2. Insert the OPA upside down
  3. insert the OPA 1/3 of the way, rotate 180 degrees and push until flush with patients lips
  4. check patient tolerates the airway
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5
Q

Indications for an NPA

A

Potential or actual airway obstruction

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6
Q

Contraindication for an NPA

A

Nil

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7
Q

Precautions for an NPA

A
  1. Airway trauma, particularly epistaxis
  2. incorrect size or placement will compromise effectiveness
  3. exacerbate injury in a base of skull fracture
  4. Can stimulate gag reflex in sensitive patients - vomiting or aspiration
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8
Q

Procedure for an NPA

A
  1. measure the NPA from the top of the nose to the earlobe
  2. lube
  3. insert the NPA so the bevel is facing the nasal septum
  4. slowly insert the NPA following the natural curvature
  5. if the NPA gets stuck give it a little wriggle and see if you can get past
  6. check the patient is tolerating the airway
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9
Q

Indications for an Igel

A

Actual loss of airway patency and/or airway protection

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10
Q

Contraindications for an Igel

A
  1. Conscious breathing patients
  2. Continuous use for more than 4 hours
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11
Q

Precautions for an Igel

A
  1. Failure to provide adequate airway or ventilation
  2. Patient intolerance
  3. Hypoxia
  4. Can precipitate vomiting and aspiration in a patient with intact airway reflexes
  5. Oropharyngeal trauma
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12
Q

Indications for a Direct Laryngoscopy

A

Visualisation of the glottis for removal of a foreign body

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13
Q

Contraindications for a direct laryngoscopy

A
  1. suspected or known epiglottis (infection causing swelling of the epiglottis which can block the airway)
  2. Patients with an effective cough
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14
Q

Precautions for a direct laryngoscopy

A
  1. Laryngospasm
  2. Hypoxia due to oxygenation delays while performing the procedure
  3. Trauma to the mouth or upper airway - particularly the teeth
  4. Exacerbation of underlying C-spine injuries
  5. Vomiting or regurgitation
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15
Q

Indications for Magill Forceps

A

Removal of pharyngeal foreign bodies causing an airway obstruction

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16
Q

Contraindications for Magill Forceps

A

Patients with an effective cough

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17
Q

Precautions for Magill Forceps

A
  1. Trauma to the tissue surrounding the pharynx uvula and tongue
  2. Manilupating a particualrly obstructed airway may cause the object to totally occlude the airway
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18
Q

Indications for Laryngeal Manipulation

A

Sub-optimal visulation of the larynx during direct laryngoscopy - only when asked by CCP

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19
Q

Contraindications for Laryngeal Manipulation

A

Active vomiting

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20
Q

Precautions for Laryngeal Manipulation

A
  1. Incorrect application
  2. May worsen visualization of the larynx
  3. Potential for airway trauma
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21
Q

Indications for TAM

A

Patients unable to maintain airway patency

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22
Q

Contraindications for TAM

A

Nil

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23
Q

Precautions for TAM

A
  1. Potential C-spine Injury - DAM
  2. Infants have a soft trachea so keep head in a neutral position
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24
Q

Indications for a 12 Lead ECG

A

Any patient requiring a details ECH analysis

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25
Q

Contraindications for a 12 lead ECG

A

Nil

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26
Q

Precautions for a 12 Lead ECG

A

Nil

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27
Q

Indications for a Chest seal

A

Open Pneumothorax

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28
Q

Contraindications for a chest seal

A

Nil

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29
Q

Precautions for a chest seal

A
  1. Occlusion of the dressing can cause a tension pneumothorax, air has to be able to esacpe the dressing
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30
Q

Indicators of a BVM

A

Acute respiratory distress

Hypoventilation - resp rate less than 10

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31
Q

Contraindications of a BVM

A

Spontaneously breathing patients with adequate tidal volume and resp rate

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32
Q

Precautions of a BVM

A

Gastric inflammation
Pulmonary barotrauma
Undesirable cardiovascular effects such as hypotension secondary to cabal compression

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33
Q

Indications of Waveform Capnography

A

CPR
Sedation
Endicrital tube
Ongoing monitoring of ventilation

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34
Q

Contraindications of waveform capnography

A

Nil

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35
Q

Precautions of waveform capnography

A

When performing CPR don’t use it to adjust ventilation rates

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36
Q

Indications of oral drug administration

A

The administration of medications orally

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37
Q

Contraindications of oral drug administration

A

ALOC
Impaired ability to swallow

38
Q

Precautions of oral drug administration

A

Aspiration and airway compromise

39
Q

Indications of sublingual drug administration

A

Administer medications by the sublingual route

40
Q

Indications for administering medications MDI

A

administering medications via the MDI Route

40
Q

Contraindications of administering medications via the sublingual route

A

Nil

40
Q

Precautions of administering medications by the sublingual route

A

Nil

41
Q

Contraindications for administering MDI medication

A

Foreign body airway obstruction

42
Q

Precautions of MDI administration

A

Poor procedural compliance limiter effectiveness, patient must be instructed well

43
Q

Indications for nebulisation

A

Administering medications via nebulisation

43
Q

Contraindications for nebulisation

A

Nil

44
Q

Precautions for nebulisation

A

Nil

45
Q

Indications for IM administration

A

Required IM drug administration

45
Q

Contraindications for IM drug administration

A

Inadequate muscle mass at the injection site
Patient is in cardiac arrest
Ability to administer the medication by an equally effective and less invasive route

46
Q

Complications for IM drug administration

A

Pain
Minor haemorrhage
Abscess formation
Cellulitis
Nerve and blood vessel damage

47
Q

Indications for NAS drug administration

A

Administering medications via the NAS Route

47
Q

Contraindications for NAS drug administration

A

Suspected nasal fractures
Blood/mucus obstructing the nasal passage

48
Q

Complications for NAS drug administration

A

Underdosing if administered incorrectly
Mild short lasting nasal discomfort

49
Q

Indications for subcutaneous drug administration

A

The administration of medications via the subcutaneous route

50
Q

Contraindications of subcutaneous drug administration

A

Don’t inject into scar tissue, burns, infection, broken skin, etc

50
Q

Complications of drug administration via the subcutaneous route

A

Pain
Bleeding

51
Q

Indications of Alaris gravity flow giving set

A

Administration of fluids through a cannula for rehydration

52
Q

Precautions for a Alaris gravity flow giving set

A

Air embolism
Infection

52
Q

Contraindications for a Alaris gravity flow giving set

A

Nil

53
Q

Spring fusor indications

A

administer medications over a period of time

53
Q

spring Fusor contraindications

A

evidence of misplaced or dislodged access

54
Q

springfusor precautions

A

pain or discomfort
Air embolism
Infection
Extravasation and possible tissue necrosis

55
Q

Indicators for two way extension giving set

A

Can administer fluids and. medications at the same time

56
Q

Complications of two way extension giving sets

A

Air embolism
Infection

56
Q

Contraindications of two way extensions set with clamps

A

The the administration of simultaneous medications

56
Q

Micro bore extension set indications

A

Administer of IV enoxaparin using a pre-filled graduated syringe

57
Q

Micro bore extension set contraindications

A

Nil

57
Q

Micro bore extension set complications

A

Air embolism
Infection

57
Q

IV cannulation indications

A

Vascular access for the administration of medication, hydration and/or blood products

58
Q

IV cannulation contraindications

A

Wherever possible avoid sites of burns, infection, trauma or significant oedema

59
Q

IV cannulation complications

A

Redness, pain, swelling of the vein
Localised or systemic catheter or line related infection
Drug or fluid extravasation into superficial tissue

60
Q

Contraindications for the administration of Salbutamol

A

Allergy and/or adverse drug reaction
Patients less than 1 year old

61
Q

Precautions for the administration of Salbutamol

A

Acute pulmonary oedema
Ischaemic heart disease

62
Q

Indications for the administration of Ipratropium bromide

A

Moderate bronchospasm - unresponsive to initial QAS salbutamol NEB
Severe bronchospasm

63
Q

Contraindications for the administration of Ipratropium bromide

A

Allergy and/or adverse drug reaction
Patients less than 1 year old

64
Q

Precautions for the administration of Ipratropium bromide

A

Glaucoma

65
Q

Indications for Hydrocortisone

A

Asthma - excludes mild
Acute exacerbation of COPD - with evidence of respiratory distress
Refractory anaphylaxis with persistent wheeze
Suspected or at risk of acute adrenal insufficiency - adrenal crisis

66
Q

Contraindications for Hydrocortisone

A

Allergy and/or adverse drug reaction

67
Q

Precautions for Hydrocortisone

A

Hypertension

68
Q

Indications for Glucose Gel

A

Symptomatic hypoglycaemia with the ability to self-administer oral glucose

69
Q

Contraindications for Glucose Gel

A

Unconsciousness
Patients with difficulty swallowing
Patients less than 2 years old

70
Q

Precautions for Glucose Gel

A

Nil

71
Q

Indications for Glucagon

A

Symptomatic hypoglycaemia with inability to self-administer oral glucose

72
Q

Contraindications for Glucagon

A

Allergy and/or adverse drug reaction

73
Q

Precautions for Glucagon

A

Nil

74
Q

Indications for Midazolam

A

Generalized seizures
Focal seizure with a GCS of 12 or less

75
Q

Contraindications for Midazolam

A

Allergy and/or adverse drug reaction

76
Q

Precautions for Midazolam

A

Reduce dose if the patient has low body weight, older, cachectic or frail patients, chronic renal failure, congestive cardiac failure or shock (If unsure, give a half dose and call consult line)
Can cause severe respiratory depression in patients with COPD
Myasthenia gravis
Multiple sclerosis

77
Q

Indications for Paracetamol

A

Mild to moderate pain
Fever - causing distress

78
Q

Contraindications for Paracetamol

A

Allergy and/or adverse drug reaction
Patients less than 1 month old

79
Q

Contraindications for Paracetamol

A

Hepatic (renal) dysfunction
Soluble tablets - sodium restrictions (heart failure, chronic kidney disease, sodium restriction and phenylketonuria

Foundations Of Para Res School (3 decks)

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