Skills 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the correct sequence for doffing PPE
A
Gloves, apron, eye protection, mask, wash hands
2
Q
What are transient microorganisms?
A
found on the surface of skin and are easily transferrable.
3
Q
what are resident microorganisms?
A
are natural body flora - on the first layer of skin and the surface.
4
Q
alcohol based hand rub is recommended for?
A
- routine hand decontamination
- removing transient organisms
- quick and easy decontamination
- as it is better tolerated by the hands
- as it can be used at the point of care
5
Q
liquid soap and water handwashing is recommended for?
A
- removing dirt, organic matter and transient organisms
- when hands are visibly soiled
- when caring for patients with diarrhoeal illness
when caring for patients with norovirus/c-difficile - after several alcohol gel hand washes.
6
Q
antiseptic solutions are recommended for?
A
- reducing transient and resident microorganisms
- used before surgery or invasive procedures
- when there is a significant outbreak on a ward/advised by infection control team.
7
Q
what is emesis?
A
vomiting
8
Q
what are some side effects of emesis?
A
dehydration, nutritional deficiency, electrolyte and acid based imbalances.
9
Q
what is haematemesis?
A
presence of blood in vomit
10
Q
what is copraemesis
A
presence of faeces in vomit
11
Q
which type of diabetes results in the absence of insulin?
A
Type 1
12
Q
which type of diabetes causes cells to be less responsive to insulin and reduces insulin production by the pancreas?
A
Type 2
13
Q
true or false? a normal plasma glucose level is between 4-7mmol/litre?
A
true
14
Q
True/false - hyperglyceamia occurs when there is a plasma glucose of more than 11mmol
A
true
15
Q
name the senses which a nurse will use?
A
Hearing, sight, touch and smell.
16
Q
what are the four stages of Tanner’s clinical judgement model?
A
noticing, interpretation, respond to interpretation and review outcome.
17
Q
what observations should be made when analysing vomit?
A
frequency/duration of vomiting, volume, consistency, colour, odour.
18
Q
what are the WHO 5 moments for hand hygeine?
A
before touching a patient, before an aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure, after touching a patient and after touching a patient’s surroundings.
19
Q
what are the 6 vital observations?
A
RR, Pulse, cap fill, blood pressure, temperature and oxygen sat levels.
20
Q
Other than the rate of respiration, name 2 other things you would observe when taking the observation
A
depth and pattern
21
Q
what is bradypnoea?
A
abnormally slow breathing
22
Q
what is tachypnoea?
A
elevated and rapid breathing
23
Q
what is hyperpnoea?
A
abnormally deep and laboured breathing
24
Q
where would you look for resp rate in an infant?
A
abdomen
25
what is a normal range of resp in an adult?
12-20bpm
26
what are some signs of respiratory distress?
grunting/snoring/gurgling - sounds
use of accessory muscles - e.g. sucking in
colour - cyanosis (bluish tinge)
nasal flaring/pursed lips
27
TDS is how many times a day?
3
28
BD is how many times a day?
2
29
what are the two types of respiration?
external and internal
30
how is respiration rate measured?
breaths (inspiration and expiration) over 60 seconds.
31
what is tachypnoea?
hyperventilation - RR above normal levels
32
what factors may influence a patients RR to be recorded inaccurately?
person doing it wrong, faulty equipment, wriggly patient, coughing/sneezing.
33
what is a pulse rate?
heart beats per minute
34
where is the radial pulse?
wrist
35
where is the carotid artery?
neck
36
where is the femoral artery?
groin/inner thigh
37
where is the popliteal artery?
back of the knee
38
when measuring the heart rate, what do you measure?
the rate, rhythm and amplitude.
39
what is tachycardia and bradycardia?
high heart rate and low heart rate
40
When taking temperature where are the following places you can take it?
tympanic, nasopharyngeal, oesophageal, rectal, axillary, sublingual, temporal
ear, nose, oesophagus, anus, armpit, mouth, forehead
41
which 2 routes are recommended for children aged 0-5 when taking a temperature?
axilla and tympanic
42
what is a normal temperature range?
35.1-37.9
43
what is hypothermia/pyrexia/hyperthermia?
hypo - low body temp of 35 or less
pyrexia - fever 0 more than 37 degrees - due to infection
hyper - elevation in body temp due to thermoregulation failure.
44
Normal cap refill should occur in how many seconds?
2-3
45
what is a normal range for oxygen saturations?
95-100%
46
what does a pulse oximeter measure?
blood oxygen levels via red and infared light
47
what is hypertension?
high blood pressure
48
what is hypotension?
low blood pressure
49
why is record keeping important?
to uphold professional standards, accountability, for legal reasons, to use as a tool for communication between other professionals/agencies and the patient, for patient care/safety.
50
what does sbar stand for?
situation, background, assessment, recommendations
51
what is an infection agent in the chain of infection?
any microorganism that can produce an infection?
52
what is a reservoir in the chain of infection?
the place which an organism resides
53
portal of exit in the chain of infection?
where the organism exits e.g. mouth, wound, rectum
54
means of transmission in the chain of infection?
how it travels, direct or indirect e.g. inanimate objects of living organisms
55
portal of entry in the chain of infection?
the place it enters the body
56
susceptible host in the chain of infection?
a person who is at higher risk of infection
57
WHICH INFECTION LINK IS THE HEALTH PROFESSIONAL BREAKING BY WASHING THEIR HANDS AFTER LEAVING APATIENT’S ROOM?
means of transmission
58
SURGICAL SCRUB – ALCOHOL HAND SANITISERS ARE AN
ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO REPEATED WASHING FOLLOWING THE INITIAL SCRUB?
true
59
WHICH INFECTION LINK IS ASSOCIATED WITH PLACING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS IN AN AUTOCLAVE?
INFECTIOUS AGENT
60
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AVOID CONTRACTING BLOOD BORNE INFECTIONS BY MAKING SURE THEIR SKIN IS NOT PUNCTURED BY A NEEDLE – WHICH CHAIN IS BROKEN?
portal of entry
61
YOU HAVE RECEIVED A SHARP INJURY – WHAT IS THE CORRECT PROCEDURE?
1. FORCEFULLY SQUEEZE BLOOD FROM THE SITE,SCRUB WITH SOAP UNDER RUNNING WATER, SEEK ASSISTANCE, APPLY A DRESSING, COMPLETE INCIDENT REPORT.
2. SEEK ASSISTANCE, SCRUB WITH SOAP UNDER RUNNING WATER, FORCEFULLY SQUEEZE BLOOD FROM THE SITE, APPLY A DRESSING, COMPLETE INCIDENT REPORT.
3. SEEK ASSISTANCE, ALLOW TO BLEED UNDER RUNNING WATER, WASH WITH SOAP, APPLY DRESSING AND COMPLETE INCIDENT REPORT.
4. ALLOW TO BLEED UNDER RUNNING WATER, WASH WITH SOAP, APPLY DRESSING, SEEK ASSISTANCE AND FILL IN INCIDENT REPORT.
4
62
A HEALTH PROFESSIONAL ADMINISTERS THE CHICKENPOX VACCINE TO A CHILD. WHICH LINK IS BEING BROKEN?
susceptible host
63
what type of vaccination contains killed but previously virulent micro-organisms that have been destroyed with chemicals/heat/radioactivty?
killed e.g. Hep A or Flu
64
which vaccination contains live, attenuated microorganisms?
attenuated e.g. MMR
65
which vaccinations contain inactivated toxic compounds?
toxoid e.g. tetanus
66
which vaccinations contain microorganism fragments combined with other organic material
protein subunit e.g. Hep B
67
a patient with c-difficile is allocated to a single room, what chain is being broken?
means of transmission
68
patients with leprosy, salmonellosis or anthrax should be placed in which isolation?
standard
69
a highly susceptible patient should be placed in which isolation?
protective
70
when might you do a neuro assessment?
Name 3
stroke, developmental regression, alcohol/drug use, concussion, minor HI, brain tumour, migraine, epilepsy, TBI, encephalitis, meningitis, medication misuse.
71
what does ACVPU stand for?
alert, voice, pain, unresponsive, confusion
72
what are the 3 key areas of neuro obs?
GCS, focal signs, vital signs
73
which part of the abcde does neuro obs fall within?
D
74
where are the areas to perform painful stimulus?
trapezium, sternum, supraorbital ridge
75
what does PEARL stand for?
pupils equal and reactive to light
76
what does ABCDE stand for
airway breathing circulation disability exposure
77
name some symptoms of hypovolemic shock
tachycardia
tachypnoea
weak
low energy
confusion
hypotension
cool/clammy skin
78
what are the following types of shock?
1. cardiogenic
2. hypovolemic
3. anaphylactic
4. septic
5. neurogenic
1. heart
2. too little blood
3. allergic
4. infection
5. nervous system
79
which steps would you carry out in a primary survey?
SAFE approach
assess responsiveness
should HELP
airway
breathing
999/2222
BLS
80
if a strain effects the tendons and muscles, where does a sprain effect?
ligaments
81
how would you treat a sprain/strain
RICE
rest ice compression elevation
82
what is sepsis?
life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection - immune system overreacts to an infection.
83
Who are at risk for sepsis? name 3
chronic illness/co-existing disease
very young
very old
recent surgery
immunosuppressed
invasive devices
drug therapy
wounds
pregnancy
poor hygiene
84
what does SEPSIS stand for?
s - slurred speech or confusion
e - extremely cold hands/feet or extreme shaking
p - passing no urine in a day
s - severe breathlessness
i - it feels like you're going to die
s - shivering/skin mottled or pale
85
what are the sepsis 6 (3 in 3 out)
oxygen, blood cultures, antibiotics, urine output, lactate, fluids
86
what does TIME stand for?
Temp, infection, mental decline, extremely ill
87
what is the correct sequence for donning PPE?
apron, mask, glasses, gloves
88
If a patient is admitted with a vomiting and diarrhoea infection, what standard infection prevention and control measures should you implement to minimise the spread of infection?
Wear PPE, nurse in a single room on their own, correct disposal of waste, hand washing, education to parents and family.
89
When taking a bp what are the 2 readings you need?
a. Systolic and diastolic
b diastolic and tympanic
c. Systolic and tympanic
d. Tympanic and brachial
a
90
What are the 3 different types of decontamination:
1 Sterilisation, cleaning, disinfection
2 Sterilisation, wiping, prevention
3 Gloves, cleaning, disinfection
1
91
You have received a sharp injury- what is the correct procedure?
1 Seek assistance, run it under water, wash with soap, apply dresing and complete incident results.
2 Allow to bleed under running water, wash with soap, apply dressing, seek assistance, and fill in incident report.
3 Forcefully force blood from the injury, scrub with soap, apply plaster.
2
92
What is emotional distress?
1 Mental suffering
2Physical pain
3 Headaches
4 Overtalking
1
93
What is incongruent communication
1 Slurring their words
2 Acting in a way that is different from the behaviour they are exhibiting
3 Being withdrawn
4 Being hyper aware
2
94
What does SOLER stand for
1 Sit at an angle, O, L, E, R
2 Sit squarely, Open posture, lean towards the other, Eye contact, Relax
3 Sit slouched, Open body language, Lean back, Avoid eye contact, Restrain from relaxing
4 Sit up straight, Open body language, L, E, Relax
2
