Skill, continuum Flashcards
What’s a skill?
- the learned ability to bring about a predetermined result with the minimum outlay of time and energy
What’s an ability?
- an enduring characteristic which underlines a persons potential to acquire skill in one sport or another
What are the 7 characteristics of a skill?
- ACE FACE
- aesthetically pleasing
- consistent
- efficient
- fluent
- accurate
- controlled
- economical
What skill continuum is related to environmental influence?
- open-closed
What skill continuum is related to muscular involvement?
- gross-fine
What skill continuum is related to pacing?
- externally paced to self paced
What skill continuum is related to difficulty?
- basic-complex
What skill continuum is related to organisation?
- high-low
What skill continuum is related to continuity?
- discrete-serial-continuos
What’s the definition of a closed skill?
- internally paced
- limited information processing
- unchanging environments
- habitual
What’s the definition of an open skill?
- in changing environments
- perceptual
- need information processing
- externally paced
What’s the definition of a gross skill?
- major body movements involving large muscle groups
- don’t recquire high levels of precision
What’s the definition of a fine skill?
- intricate movements using small muscle groups
- need high precision/accruacy
- good hand eye coordination
What’s a self-paced skill?
- performer decides when to start the movement
What’s an externally paced skill?
- environmental factors determine when the performer starts the movement
What’s a discrete skill?
- a single specific skill
- often short in duration
- clear beginning and end
What’s a serial skill?
- a number of discrete skills chained together
- the first movement triggers the next
What’s a continuous skill?
- ongoing movement
- unclear beginning and end
What’s a complex skill?
- need information processing
- require decision making
- perceptual
Whats a simple skill?
- habitual
- need minimal decision making
- limited information processing
What’s a high organisation skill?
- skills difficult to break down into sub-routines
What’s a low organisation skill?
- easy to break down into sub-routines
What’s a positive transfer of skill?
- where one skill or situation helps the learning and performance of another skill
Whats a sporting example of positive transfer?
- the arm action of throwing a ball in cricket helps the action of the racquet arm when serving in tennis
What’s negative transfer?
- where one skill or situation hinders the learning and performance of another skill
What’s a sporting example of negative transfer?
- the flexed arm in throwing hinders the straight arm recruited for cricket bowling
What’s zero transfer?
- when two skills are unrelated in any meaningful way
What’s proactive transfer?
- when a previously learned skill affects the current learning or performance of another skill
What’s a sporting example of proactive transfer?
- the previously learned action of throwing a ball can affect a new skill that looks similar e.g a serve in volleyball
What’s retroactive transfer?
- where the current learning of a new skill effects the performance of a previously learned skill
What’s an example of retroactive transfer?
- the current learning of a serve in tennis can affect the previously learned throwing action
What’s bilateral transfer?
- the transfer from limb to limb (one side of the body to the other)
What’s a sporting example of bilateral transfer?
- a footballer kicking with both the left and right foot
