Skill Aquisition Flashcards
What are the six classifications of skills?
Muscular involvement Environmental influence Continuity Pacing Difficulty Organisation
What are the sides of each continuum?
Muscular involvement - gross/fine Environmental influence - open/closed Continuity - discrete/serial/continuous Pacing - self/externally Difficulty - simple/complex Organisation - high/low
What are the methods of practice?
Whole practice Part practice Whole part whole practice Progressive part practice Fixed practice Varied practice Distributed practice Massed practice
What are the types of transfer of skills?
Positive transfer Negative transfer Bilateral transfer Proactive transfer Retroactive transfer
What is meant by the positive transfer of skills?
When one skill enhances the learning of another skill
What is meant by the negative transfer of skills?
When one skill hinders the learning of another skill
What is meant by the bilateral transfer of skills?
When one skill is transferred to the other side/part of the body
What is meant by the proactive transfer of skills?
When an old skill influences the learning and performance of a new skill
What is meant by the retroactive transfer of skills?
When a new skill influences the learning and performance of an old skill
What is meant by a skill?
Something that you can learn to do
What is meant by an ability?
Something that is innate and you can do
What are the three stages of learning?
Cognitive stage
Associative stage
Autonomous stage
What are the four types of guidance?
Visual
Verbal
Manual
Mechanical
What are the six types of feedback?
Positive Negative Intrinsic Extrinsic Knowledge of results Knowledge of performance
What is intrinsic feedback?
Feedback that comes from the performer themselves about the way a performance felt.
What is extrinsic feedback?
Feedback from an external source e.g. a coach or judge
Give two advantages of whole practice
Develops kinaesthesis
Understand the relationship between the movements
Give two disadvantages of whole practice
Bad for dangerous skills
Too much information to be processed at one time
Give two advantages of part practice
Reduces the amount of information to be processed at one time
If performer succeeds in one part of the skill they will be motivated for the next part
Give two disadvantages of part practice
Time consuming
Don’t develop kinaesthesis
If performer fails in one part of the skill they will be demotivated for the next part
Give two advantages of progressive part practice
Doesn’t overwhelm the performer
Not too much information to be processed at one time
Give two disadvantages of progressive part practice
Time consuming
Don’t develop kinaesthesis
Give two advantages of whole part whole practice
Can identify strengths and weaknesses
Develops kinaesthesis
Give two disadvantages of whole part whole practice
Bad for dangerous/complex skills
May overwhelm the performer
Give two advantages of massed practice
Good for discrete skills
Suitable for closed self paced skills
Give two disadvantages of massed practice
Can cause fatigue or boredom
Performance may deteriorate as performer becomes tired
Give two advantages of distributed practice
Allows time to physically and mentally recover
Allows time to receive feedback
Allows time for mental rehearsal
Give two disadvantages of distributed practice
Time consuming
Time may be managed ineffectively
May become boring and demotivating
Give two advantages of fixed practice
Improves consistency of skills
Can help to reduce the pressure on the performer
Give two disadvantages of fixed practice
Doesn’t prepare performer for different situations or if things go wrong
Can become boring and lead to demotivation
Give two disadvantages of varied practice
Need to have already learned the skill in a fixed environment before hand
Give two disadvantages of varied practice
Need to have already learned the skill in a fixed environment before hand
Not suitable for closed skills
What is segmentation?
Breaking down parts of a skill to practice separately
Progressive part practice
What is simplification?
Relieving the difficulty of a skill
What is fractionalisation?
Breaking a skill down into it’s sub routines
What is attentional wastage?
The performer’s attention can be misdirected to relevant cues.
Getting distracted
