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Skill Acquisition and Psychology > Skill Aquisition > Flashcards

Skill Aquisition Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the six classifications of skills?

A 
Muscular involvement
Environmental influence
Continuity
Pacing
Difficulty
Organisation
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2
Q

What are the sides of each continuum?

A 
Muscular involvement - gross/fine
Environmental influence - open/closed
Continuity - discrete/serial/continuous
Pacing - self/externally
Difficulty - simple/complex
Organisation - high/low
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3
Q

What are the methods of practice?

A 
Whole practice
Part practice
Whole part whole practice
Progressive part practice
Fixed practice
Varied practice
Distributed practice
Massed practice
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4
Q

What are the types of transfer of skills?

A 
Positive transfer 
Negative transfer
Bilateral transfer
Proactive transfer
Retroactive transfer
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5
Q

What is meant by the positive transfer of skills?

A

When one skill enhances the learning of another skill

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6
Q

What is meant by the negative transfer of skills?

A

When one skill hinders the learning of another skill

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7
Q

What is meant by the bilateral transfer of skills?

A

When one skill is transferred to the other side/part of the body

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8
Q

What is meant by the proactive transfer of skills?

A

When an old skill influences the learning and performance of a new skill

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9
Q

What is meant by the retroactive transfer of skills?

A

When a new skill influences the learning and performance of an old skill

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10
Q

What is meant by a skill?

A

Something that you can learn to do

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11
Q

What is meant by an ability?

A

Something that is innate and you can do

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12
Q

What are the three stages of learning?

A

Cognitive stage
Associative stage
Autonomous stage

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13
Q

What are the four types of guidance?

A

Visual
Verbal
Manual
Mechanical

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14
Q

What are the six types of feedback?

A 
Positive
Negative
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
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15
Q

What is intrinsic feedback?

A

Feedback that comes from the performer themselves about the way a performance felt.

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16
Q

What is extrinsic feedback?

A

Feedback from an external source e.g. a coach or judge

17
Q

Give two advantages of whole practice

A

Develops kinaesthesis

Understand the relationship between the movements

18
Q

Give two disadvantages of whole practice

A

Bad for dangerous skills

Too much information to be processed at one time

19
Q

Give two advantages of part practice

A

Reduces the amount of information to be processed at one time
If performer succeeds in one part of the skill they will be motivated for the next part

20
Q

Give two disadvantages of part practice

A

Time consuming
Don’t develop kinaesthesis
If performer fails in one part of the skill they will be demotivated for the next part

21
Q

Give two advantages of progressive part practice

A

Doesn’t overwhelm the performer

Not too much information to be processed at one time

22
Q

Give two disadvantages of progressive part practice

A

Time consuming

Don’t develop kinaesthesis

23
Q

Give two advantages of whole part whole practice

A

Can identify strengths and weaknesses

Develops kinaesthesis

24
Q

Give two disadvantages of whole part whole practice

A

Bad for dangerous/complex skills

May overwhelm the performer

25
Q

Give two advantages of massed practice

A

Good for discrete skills

Suitable for closed self paced skills

26
Q

Give two disadvantages of massed practice

A

Can cause fatigue or boredom

Performance may deteriorate as performer becomes tired

27
Q

Give two advantages of distributed practice

A

Allows time to physically and mentally recover
Allows time to receive feedback
Allows time for mental rehearsal

28
Q

Give two disadvantages of distributed practice

A

Time consuming
Time may be managed ineffectively
May become boring and demotivating

29
Q

Give two advantages of fixed practice

A

Improves consistency of skills

Can help to reduce the pressure on the performer

30
Q

Give two disadvantages of fixed practice

A

Doesn’t prepare performer for different situations or if things go wrong
Can become boring and lead to demotivation

31
Q

Give two disadvantages of varied practice

A

Need to have already learned the skill in a fixed environment before hand

32
Q

Give two disadvantages of varied practice

A

Need to have already learned the skill in a fixed environment before hand
Not suitable for closed skills

33
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Breaking down parts of a skill to practice separately

Progressive part practice

34
Q

What is simplification?

A

Relieving the difficulty of a skill

35
Q

What is fractionalisation?

A

Breaking a skill down into it’s sub routines

36
Q

What is attentional wastage?

A

The performer’s attention can be misdirected to relevant cues.
Getting distracted

Skill Acquisition and Psychology (3 decks)

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