Skill Aquisition

Question 1

Characteristics of a skill?

Answer 1

A - aesthetically pleasing
C - controlled
E - efficient
F - fluent
A - accurate
C - consistent
E - economical

Question 2

different skills on the skill continua?

Answer 2

Open/Closed
Discrete/Serial/Continuous
Gross/Fine
High organisation/Low organisation
Simple/Complex
Self paced/Externally paced

Question 3

What is an open skill?

Answer 3

A skill that is performed when the sporting environment is unpredictable and changes frequently

Question 4

What is a closed skill?

Answer 4

A skill that is performed when the sporting environment is predictable

Question 5

What is a gross skill?

Answer 5

A skill that is performed using large muscle groups

Question 6

What is a fine skill?

Answer 6

A skill that uses smaller intricate muscle groups

Question 7

What is a self paced skill?

Answer 7

A skill in which the performer controls the speed at which the skill is performed and often has some control over when it starts

Question 8

What is an externally paced skill?

Answer 8

A skill in which the performer has no control over when to start the skill or how fast it might be performed

Question 9

What is a discrete skill?

Answer 9

A skill that has a clear beginning and end and is one short sharp action

Question 10

What is a serial skill?

Answer 10

A skill that has several discrete skills that are linked together in a specific order to form a completed task

Question 11

What is a continuous skill?

Answer 11

A skill that has no clear beginning or end. Often the end of one part or sub-routine of a skill is the start of the next part

Question 12

What is a high organisation skill?

Answer 12

A skill that cannot be easily broken down into parts

Question 13

What is a low organisation skill?

Answer 13

A skill that can be easily broken down into its sub routines

Question 14

What are the four learning transfers?

Answer 14

. Positive
. Negative
. Zero
. Bilateral

Question 15

What is positive learning transfer?

Answer 15

When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another

Question 16

What is negative learning transfer?

Answer 16

When the action of one skill hinders the learning of another

Question 17

What is zero transfer?

Answer 17

When the learning of one skill has no effect on another

Question 18

What is bilateral transfer?

Answer 18

When the learning of one skill is transferred across the body

Question 19

What are the three methods of presenting practice?

Answer 19

. Whole practice
. Whole-part-whole practice
. Progressive part practice

Question 20

What is whole practice?

Answer 20

It is performing the skill in its entirety without breaking it into subroutines

Question 21

When would you use whole practice?

Answer 21

. If the skill is fast, ballistic, and discrete
. Skill is highly organised
. Skill is simple
. The feel of the task is required (kinaesthesis)

Question 22

What are the advantages to whole-part-whole practice?

Answer 22

. Motivation is provided when specific weakness in skill is corrected
. Allows for immediate feedback
. Corrects any errors
. Fluency and integration of subroutines are maintained
. Maintains feel for whole skill

Question 23

What are the disadvantages to whole-part-whole practice?

Answer 23

. May produce negative transfer of learning effects unless the PARTS are put back into WHOLE during same session
. More time consuming
. Requires patience and perseverance

Question 24

What is progressive part practice?

Answer 24

It is when the first part of skill is taught and rest of the parts are added in sequence

Question 25

When would you use progressive part practice?

Answer 25

. Low organisation skill
. Skill is serial
. Part of a complex skill can be isolated

Question 26

What are the advantages of progressive part practice?

Answer 26

. Focus’ on one aspect of the task
. Potentially correct specific weaknesses
. Fatigue reduced as time to rest
. Each part brings success in stages to restore motivation
. Improve confidence
. Builds initial understanding

Question 27

What are the disadvantages to progressive part practice?

Answer 27

. It is time consuming
. It removes feel for the whole skill (kinaesthesis)
. Ignores links between subroutines
. Danger of negative transfer between sequences