Skill Aquisation Flashcards
What are the characteristics of skill?
A- aesthetically pleasing- looks nice
C- consistent- repeated success
E- efficient- no waste of energy
F- fluency- smooth movement
A- accurate- achieves a predetermined goal
C- controlled- the performer is well coordinated over the movement
E- economical- requires minimal outlay of energy
Define skill
The learned ability to bring about predetermined results with maximum certainty and the minimum outlay of time energy or both
Explain open vs closed skills and examples
Open
- affect by the environment
- perceptual
- movements must be adapted
- most externally paced
Eg returning a tennis shot
Closed
- not affected by the environment
- habitual
- mostly self- paced movements
Eg shot put
Explain self-paced vs externally paced skills and examples
Self-paced
- performer has control over the rate the skill is carried out
- involves proaction by perfomers
Eg penalty in football
Externally paced
- performer has no control over the rate the skill is carried out
- involves reaction by the performer
Eg returning a serve in tennis
Explain gross vs fine skills and examples
Gross
- major body movements with large muscle groups
- strength, power, endurance
- little fine control needed
Eg rugby tackle
Fine
- intricate small movements using small muscle groups
- accuracy and precision
- good hand- eye coordination
Eg golf put
Explain discrete vs serial vs continuous
Discrete
- clear start and end
- skills can be repeated but start again
- single specific skill
Eg tennis serve
Serial
- several discrete elements put together to make a sequence
- order of elements is important
Eg triple jump
Continuous
- no clear end and start
- continuous for as long as performer wishes
- end of cycle is start of the next
- no clear subroutines
Eg running
Explain high organisation vs low organisation skills and examples
High organisation
- skill IS NOT easily broken down into parts
- action is very quick and subroutines merge quickly as performed
- best practiced as a whole
Eg cycling
Low organisation
- sub-routines tend to be discrete
- best practiced separately and then integrated into whole skill
- can be learnt / practiced during part method
Eg long jump
Explain simple vs complex skills and examples
Simple
- small amounts of info can be processed
- few decisions to be made
Eg foreward role
Complex
- large amounts of info to be processed
- numbers of decisions to be made quickly
- high number of sub- routines to be performed quickly and accurately
Eg rugby line out
What is positive transfer?
Occurs when learning of one skill aids learning of another
Eg learning of a tennis serve aids the learning of a volleyball serve
What is negative transfer?
Occurs when learning of one skill is interfered by the knowledge of a similar activity
Eg flexible use of the wrist needed by badminton may interfere with the firm wrist needed for tennis
What is bilateral transfer?
The learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
Eg learning to kick the ball with your left foot after previously learning to do so with your right
What is negative transfer
No transfer between skills will occur even if they appear to be similar
Eg weight lifting and learning to play squash
Why do we classify skills
Shows how skills change with the situation
Make practice more relevant
Give an example of how skills can change
In swimming the dive will be seen as discrete however the swimming stroke can be seen as continuous
How can a coach promote positive transfer
Stop bad habits
Realism
Provide motivation
Point out similarities and transfer possibilities
Make sure first task is learned well before making progress
What are cognitive skills and an example
Skills that require the use of the persons mental powers
Eg whether to pass or shoot
What are motor skills and an example
Skills that involve physical movement and muscular control linked to a specific object
Eg running
What are perceptual skills
Where you interpret and make sense of the information coming in via the senses
Eg a netball player assessing where their players are on the court to make a decisions and make accurate passes
What are psycho-motor skills and an example
The co-ordination and smooth execution of movements and responses
Eg catching the ball then throwing the ball
