skill acquisition paper 2 Flashcards
what is on the environmental influence continuum
open and closed
open skills- effected by the environment
closed skills- unaffected by the environment
what is on the difficulty continuum
simple and complex
simple skills- straightforward with little judgement and decisions to make
complex skills- many decisions to make, lots of decisions to make
what is on a pacing continuum
self paced and externally placed
self paced- performer controls rate at which skill is performed e.g tennis serve
externally paced- environment controls the speed at which skill is performed e.g. 100m sprint
what is on the muscular involvement continuum
gross and fine
gross skills- large muscle movement
fine skills- small muscle movement
what is on the organisational continuum
low and high
low organisational- skills with subroutines that are easy to separate and identify e.g. javelin throw
high organisational- skill has many subroutines which are difficult to separate e.g. spin in dance
what is on the continuity continuum
discrete, serial and continuous
discrete skill- clear beginning and end e.g. cartwheel
serial skill- small elements that are put together to make a movement e.g. triple jump
continuous skill- no obvious beginning or end e.g. cycling
what is part practice and what is an example of this practice
when a skill is low in organisation, it can be broken down to make it easier to learn. the separate parts are practiced in isolation, before being put back together. it is important that we have seen the whole skill being performed before cutting it up
e.g. tennis serve
what are the benefits and disadvantages of part practice
BENEFITS:
- helps reduce information overload
- success in each area can help increase success within the whole skill
DISADVANTAGES:
- can take a long time to teach
what is whole practice and what is an example
when the skill is taught as a whole, this is done to get a feel of the speed at which the skill should be performed at. kinaesthesis is important here.
e.g. golf swing
what are the benefits and disadvantages of whole practice
benefits:
-player can develop kinaesthesia
-player is likely to execute the skill fluently
disadvantages:
-player has to know how to execute the skill properly
what is whole-part-whole practice and what is an example of this practice
involves the performer firstly attempting the whole skill then practising the skill in parts or sub-routines and then putting them together again to practise as a whole
for example, a lay up in basketball- separating out the different parts of the skill
what are the advantages of whole-part-whole practice
-allows the coach to recognise the strengths and weaknesses in the performance, allowing them to identify the weaknesses to help correct them or reinforce the strengths
-allows the player to get a feel of the skill to start with to appreciate the kinethesis involved
what is progressive-part practice and what is a practical example
often referred to as chaining
-a serial skill is often broken down into its sub-routines that can be seen as links of a chain. the performer learns one link at a time, until all the links can be practiced together
-in breaststroke, the arm and leg actions can be learnt separately
what is massed practice
practice that involves very short, or no, rest intervals within the practice session. massed practice is a continuous practice period
what is distributed practice
involves relatively long rests between trials.
these rests should involve skills which may lead to negative transfer and many performers use intervals to practice mental rehearsal
