skill acquisition and behavior reduction Flashcards
discrete trial training (dtt)
dtt presents tasks in a controlled environment
Reinforcement- dtt uses tangible rewards for desired behavior to encourage learning, for example a trainer might give a child a token for completing a task which can be exchanged for an activity later
Repetition- dtt involves repeated practice of skills, as the child progresses the therapist will provide less and less assistance eventually allowing the child to perform the skill independently
Errorless training- dtt can use errorless training to teach the correct response for example a trainer might model the desired behavior by touching a red flashcard after saying touch red
naturalistic teaching with an example
it is a core strategy that incorporates a childs motivation and interests into learning opportunities in their natural environment, the goal is to teach skills that are meaningful and functional in the learners everyday life helping them become more independent and successful
ex. If a child has just returned from a walk and needs water an aba therapist might use this moment to teach the client how to ask for water
chaining with an example
it breaks a task down into small steps and then teaches each step within the sequence by itself
ex. A child learning to wash his/her hands independently may start with learning to turn on the faucet
shaping with examples
is a systematic approach to teaching new skills or modifying existing behaviors, it involves breaking down a desired behavior into smaller, manageable steps, allowing individuals to gradually progress towards the desired outcome
ex. When a baby or toddler learns to walk they are reinforced for crawling, then standing, then taking one step, then taking a few steps and finally for walking
discrimination training with an example
focuses on teaching individuals to discriminate between different stimuli or cues in their environment, the goal is to help individuals learn to respond appropriately to specific cues while ignoring irrelevant or distracting stuff
ex. A therapist may teach a child to identify the color blue by presenting them with two objects one blue and one red and asking them to point to the blue object
stimulus control transfer with an example
teaching individuals to respond to specific cues or discriminative stimuli in order to evoke desired behaviors, where a behavior is triggered by the existence or absence of a stimulus
ex. A child might be prompted to use the toilet at specific times as the child adjusts, they begin to recognize the sensation of needing to use the toilet as a cue transferring control from the timed prompt to the childs internal sensation
prompting with an example
to help learners complete tasks or demonstrate behaviors, like cues or assistance that encourage a desired behavior that might not otherwise occur, the goal is to eventually reduce the learners dependency so they can achieve independence in the desired skill or behavior
ex. A therapist might model how to brush teeth to teach a child proper oral hygiene/ a therapist might gently guide a childs hand to place a puzzle piece correctly
