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miss ball > skill acquisition > Flashcards

skill acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gross skill?

A

large muscle groups

movements not precise

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2
Q

what is a fine skill?

A

intricate movements

small muscle groups

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3
Q

what is an open skill?

A

effected by the environment

skills must be adapted

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4
Q

what is a closed skill?

A

not effected by the environment

environment is predictable

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5
Q

what is a discrete skill?

A

a clear beginning, middle and end.

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6
Q

what is a serial skill?

A

a group of skills strung together to make a new skill/ movement

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7
Q

what is a continuous skill?

A

no clear beginning middle or end

end of one cycle is the start of a new one

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8
Q

what is an internally paced skill?

A

performer decided when to perform the skill

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9
Q

what is an externally paced skill?

A

environment controls when they perform the skill

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10
Q

what is a simple skill?

A

few judgments and decisions required

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11
Q

what is a complex skill?

A

involves many decisions and judgements

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12
Q

what is a high organisation skill?

A

skills made up of many sub routines

hard to be broken down

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13
Q

what is a low organisation skill?

A

easy and uncomplicated

sub routines are easy to break down

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14
Q

give an example of a gross skill..

A

shot put

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15
Q

give an example of a fine skill..

A

a snooker shot

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16
Q

give an example of an open skill..

A

a pass in netball/football/hockey

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17
Q

give an example of a closed skill..

A

a serve in tennis

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18
Q

give an example of a discrete skill..

A

penalty flick in hockey

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19
Q

give an example of a serial skill..

A

the sequence of skills in triple jump

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20
Q

give an example of a continuous skill..

A

swimming/cycling/ running

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21
Q

give an example of an internally paced skill..

A

javelin throw/ discus

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22
Q

give an example of an externally paced skill..

A

a pass in netball/ball games

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23
Q

give a example of a simple skill..

A

swimming/sprinting

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24
Q

give an example of a complex skill..

A

somersault/tennis serve

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25
Q

give an example of a low organisation skill..

A

swimming strokes

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26
Q

give an example of a high organisation skill..

A

cartwheel

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27
Q

what is part practice?

A

working on a sub routine or small part of a skill to perfect that part

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28
Q

what is whole practice?

A

skills being taught with out breaking it up into parts

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29
Q

what is whole-part-whole practice?

A

practicing the skill as a whole, then practicing a small part of the skill, then practicing it all together again.

30
Q

what is progressive-part practice?

A

learner learns first part of skill and adds bits on

31
Q

what is massed practice?

A

practice with small or no rest periods

32
Q

what is distributed practice?

A

practice with many rest intervals involved

33
Q

what is fixed practice?

A

a specific movement is practiced over and over again (drill)

34
Q

what is varied practice?

A

when a skill is practiced in many environments

35
Q

when is part practice used?

A

skills that are low in organisation/easy to break down

if the skill is dangerous

36
Q

why is part practice used?

A

allows performers to gain confidence in certain part
perfects small areas of confusion
reduced overload

37
Q

give a practical example of part practice..

A

practicing the back swing of a tennis swerve

38
Q

when is whole practice used?

A

skills that’s are high in organisation and hard to break down.

39
Q

why is whole practice used?

A

allows performer to gain the feel/kinaethesis

40
Q

give a practical example of whole method…

A

sprinting and dibbling at the same time

golf swing

41
Q

when is whole-part-whole practice used?

A

with serial skills

with low organisation skills

42
Q

why is whole-part-whole practice used?

A

recognises weaknesses and corrects errors.

43
Q

give a practical example of a whole-part-whole practice…

A
  1. practice whole swimming stroke
  2. practice only leg movement using a float
  3. practice whole stroke again
44
Q

when is progressive-part practice used?

A

complex skills as it reduced overload
low organisation skills
good for serial skills

45
Q

why is progressive-part practice used?

A

helps learn links between sub routines

46
Q

give a practical example of progressive-part practice..

A

triple jump

lay up in basketball

47
Q

when is massed practice used?

A

good for discrete skills
short duration skills
good for performers with high levels of fitness.

48
Q

why is massed practice used?

A

to groove skills

49
Q

give a practical example of massed practice..

A

practicing shooting in netball/basketball

50
Q

when is distributed practice used?

A

with continuous skills

for beginners

51
Q

why is distributed practice used?

A

rest intervals allow a chance for feedback

helps with motivation

52
Q

give an example of distributed practice..

A

swimmer swims a length and has a rest so teacher can give feedback

53
Q

when is fixed practice used?

A

with closed skills

54
Q

why is fixed practice used?

A

allows skills to become habitual and automatic

conditions where conditions do not change

55
Q

give a practical example of fixed practice…

A

discus throw

56
Q

when is varied practice used?

A

with open skills

practice in realistic situations

57
Q

why is varied practice used?

A

develops skill in long term memory

develops perceptual and decision making skills

58
Q

give an example of a varied practice…

A

small sided game so performer can work on passing/positional play and strategies

59
Q

what is proactive transfer?

A

when a previously learned skill effects skill being learned

60
Q

what is retroactive transfer?

A

when learning a new skill effects the performance of an old skill.

61
Q

what is positive transfer?

A

when learning/performing one skill helps with another skill.

62
Q

what is negative transfer?

A

when the learning/performing one skill hinders another skill.

63
Q

what is bilateral transfers?

A

transferring a skill learned on one limb to another.

64
Q

give an example of positive transfer..

A

the skill of throwing could be transferred to the swing of a tennis serve

65
Q

give an example of negative transfer..

A

a squash player who takes up tennis may find it hard not to use their wrists.

66
Q

give an example of bilateral transfer..

A

a footballer is able to transfer shooting skill from one foot to another

67
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

trial and error learning
correct response is rewarded
shaped behaviours

68
Q

what is Thorndike’s laws?

A

based on strengthening s-r bond

69
Q

what is the law of exercise?

A

rehearsing/ repeating actions strengthens reinforcement

70
Q

what is the law of effect?

A

if followed by a pleasant reaction then s-r bond is strengthened.
if followed by a negative reaction then the s-r bond is weakened.

71
Q

what is the cognitive theory of learning?

A

intervening variables and insight learning

learner must think about problem as a whole

miss ball (1 decks)

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