skill acquisition

Question 1

what is a gross skill?

Answer 1

large muscle groups

movements not precise

Question 2

what is a fine skill?

Answer 2

intricate movements

small muscle groups

Question 3

what is an open skill?

Answer 3

effected by the environment

skills must be adapted

Question 4

what is a closed skill?

Answer 4

not effected by the environment

environment is predictable

Question 5

what is a discrete skill?

Answer 5

a clear beginning, middle and end.

Question 6

what is a serial skill?

Answer 6

a group of skills strung together to make a new skill/ movement

Question 7

what is a continuous skill?

Answer 7

no clear beginning middle or end

end of one cycle is the start of a new one

Question 8

what is an internally paced skill?

Answer 8

performer decided when to perform the skill

Question 9

what is an externally paced skill?

Answer 9

environment controls when they perform the skill

Question 10

what is a simple skill?

Answer 10

few judgments and decisions required

Question 11

what is a complex skill?

Answer 11

involves many decisions and judgements

Question 12

what is a high organisation skill?

Answer 12

skills made up of many sub routines

hard to be broken down

Question 13

what is a low organisation skill?

Answer 13

easy and uncomplicated

sub routines are easy to break down

Question 14

give an example of a gross skill..

Answer 14

shot put

Question 15

give an example of a fine skill..

Answer 15

a snooker shot

Question 16

give an example of an open skill..

Answer 16

a pass in netball/football/hockey

Question 17

give an example of a closed skill..

Answer 17

a serve in tennis

Question 18

give an example of a discrete skill..

Answer 18

penalty flick in hockey

Question 19

give an example of a serial skill..

Answer 19

the sequence of skills in triple jump

Question 20

give an example of a continuous skill..

Answer 20

swimming/cycling/ running

Question 21

give an example of an internally paced skill..

Answer 21

javelin throw/ discus

Question 22

give an example of an externally paced skill..

Answer 22

a pass in netball/ball games

Question 23

give a example of a simple skill..

Answer 23

swimming/sprinting

Question 24

give an example of a complex skill..

Answer 24

somersault/tennis serve

Question 25

give an example of a low organisation skill..

Answer 25

swimming strokes

Question 26

give an example of a high organisation skill..

Answer 26

cartwheel

Question 27

what is part practice?

Answer 27

working on a sub routine or small part of a skill to perfect that part

Question 28

what is whole practice?

Answer 28

skills being taught with out breaking it up into parts

Question 29

what is whole-part-whole practice?

Answer 29

practicing the skill as a whole, then practicing a small part of the skill, then practicing it all together again.

Question 30

what is progressive-part practice?

Answer 30

learner learns first part of skill and adds bits on

Question 31

what is massed practice?

Answer 31

practice with small or no rest periods

Question 32

what is distributed practice?

Answer 32

practice with many rest intervals involved

Question 33

what is fixed practice?

Answer 33

a specific movement is practiced over and over again (drill)

Question 34

what is varied practice?

Answer 34

when a skill is practiced in many environments

Question 35

when is part practice used?

Answer 35

skills that are low in organisation/easy to break down | if the skill is dangerous

Question 36

why is part practice used?

Answer 36

allows performers to gain confidence in certain part perfects small areas of confusion reduced overload

Question 37

give a practical example of part practice..

Answer 37

practicing the back swing of a tennis swerve

Question 38

when is whole practice used?

Answer 38

skills that's are high in organisation and hard to break down.

Question 39

why is whole practice used?

Answer 39

allows performer to gain the feel/kinaethesis

Question 40

give a practical example of whole method...

Answer 40

sprinting and dibbling at the same time | golf swing

Question 41

when is whole-part-whole practice used?

Answer 41

with serial skills | with low organisation skills

Question 42

why is whole-part-whole practice used?

Answer 42

recognises weaknesses and corrects errors.

Question 43

give a practical example of a whole-part-whole practice...

Answer 43

1. practice whole swimming stroke 2. practice only leg movement using a float 3. practice whole stroke again

Question 44

when is progressive-part practice used?

Answer 44

complex skills as it reduced overload low organisation skills good for serial skills

Question 45

why is progressive-part practice used?

Answer 45

helps learn links between sub routines

Question 46

give a practical example of progressive-part practice..

Answer 46

triple jump | lay up in basketball

Question 47

when is massed practice used?

Answer 47

good for discrete skills short duration skills good for performers with high levels of fitness.

Question 48

why is massed practice used?

Answer 48

to groove skills

Question 49

give a practical example of massed practice..

Answer 49

practicing shooting in netball/basketball

Question 50

when is distributed practice used?

Answer 50

with continuous skills | for beginners

Question 51

why is distributed practice used?

Answer 51

rest intervals allow a chance for feedback | helps with motivation

Question 52

give an example of distributed practice..

Answer 52

swimmer swims a length and has a rest so teacher can give feedback

Question 53

when is fixed practice used?

Answer 53

with closed skills

Question 54

why is fixed practice used?

Answer 54

allows skills to become habitual and automatic | conditions where conditions do not change

Question 55

give a practical example of fixed practice...

Answer 55

discus throw

Question 56

when is varied practice used?

Answer 56

with open skills | practice in realistic situations

Question 57

why is varied practice used?

Answer 57

develops skill in long term memory | develops perceptual and decision making skills

Question 58

give an example of a varied practice...

Answer 58

small sided game so performer can work on passing/positional play and strategies

Question 59

what is proactive transfer?

Answer 59

when a previously learned skill effects skill being learned

Question 60

what is retroactive transfer?

Answer 60

when learning a new skill effects the performance of an old skill.

Question 61

what is positive transfer?

Answer 61

when learning/performing one skill helps with another skill.

Question 62

what is negative transfer?

Answer 62

when the learning/performing one skill hinders another skill.

Question 63

what is bilateral transfers?

Answer 63

transferring a skill learned on one limb to another.

Question 64

give an example of positive transfer..

Answer 64

the skill of throwing could be transferred to the swing of a tennis serve

Question 65

give an example of negative transfer..

Answer 65

a squash player who takes up tennis may find it hard not to use their wrists.

Question 66

give an example of bilateral transfer..

Answer 66

a footballer is able to transfer shooting skill from one foot to another

Question 67

what is operant conditioning?

Answer 67

trial and error learning correct response is rewarded shaped behaviours

Question 68

what is Thorndike's laws?

Answer 68

based on strengthening s-r bond

Question 69

what is the law of exercise?

Answer 69

rehearsing/ repeating actions strengthens reinforcement

Question 70

what is the law of effect?

Answer 70

if followed by a pleasant reaction then s-r bond is strengthened. if followed by a negative reaction then the s-r bond is weakened.

Question 71

what is the cognitive theory of learning?

Answer 71

intervening variables and insight learning | learner must think about problem as a whole