Skill Acquisition

Question 1

Stages of Learning

Answer 1

• Cognitive: large # of correction errors, performance is highly variable, requires significant concentration, patterns are inefficient, high accumulation of fatigue
• Associative: fundamental mechanism have been learned, some inconsistencies in performance, still requires concentration, pattern more efficient
• Autonomous: almost automatic/habitual, performance is consistent, able to perform despite distraction, pattern is highly efficient, less fatigue on attempt

Question 2

Skill Acquisition Theories

Answer 2

• Physical guidance: active (manipulates environment to allows learning of control of skill independently), passive (learner takes passive role and allows guidance to control movement)
• Contextual interference: order in which different skills are practiced, ranging from blocked (same skill is repped prior to moving to next skill) and random (skill is never practiced twice in a row).
• Variability of practice: constant (same parameters each trial), variable (change parameters each trial)
• Feedback: intrinsic (person’s own sensory channels) extrinsic/Augmented (provided externally, consider precision, content, method, freq)
• Task complexity: consider # of parts or components in skills along with attention demand
• Whole/Part practice
• Modelling: Demonstration of skill (physical demo, video demo, obs of skilled performer)
• Verbal cues