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AS Physical Education > skill acquisition > Flashcards

skill acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

name all of the types of practice (8)

A

fixed
variable
massed
distributed
part
progressive part
whole
whole part whole

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2
Q

what is fixed practice + example/type of skill

A

the repetition of a skill in a constant unchanging environment

closed skills
gymnastics, diving

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3
Q

advantages of fixed practice

A

skill is over-learned/autonomous
little conscious thought
reproduced consistently

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4
Q

disadvantages of fixed practice

A

poor habits may be developed
increased fatigue
lack of variability/challenge can be boring

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5
Q

what is variable practice + example/type of skill

A

practicing the skill in different situations that replicate the conditions of the game

open skills
shooting practice in football

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6
Q

advantages of variable practice

A

able to apply the skill to other situations
extends schema
replicates the game

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7
Q

disadvantages of variable practice

A

difficult to stimulate the appropriate competitive situations

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8
Q

what is massed practice + example/type of skill

A

repeating the skill with no rest breaks

discrete, simple, fine
golf, darts
experienced players

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9
Q

advantages of massed practice

A

skills become over-learned/autonomous
develops motor programmes

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10
Q

disadvantages of massed practice

A

increased fatigue
boredom or injury
doesn’t always allow time for feedback

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11
Q

what is distributed practice + example/type of skill

A

practicing a skill with rest breaks

continuous, complex, gross
beginners
lack of fitness/motivation

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12
Q

advantages of distributed practice

A

avoid overload
maintain motivation, concentration
time to recover mentally, physically

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13
Q

disadvantages of distributed practice

A

time consuming

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14
Q

what is whole practice + example/type of skill

A

skill is practiced as one complete movement

high organisation
autonomous
golf swing, somersault

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15
Q

advantages of whole practice

A

fluent movement
developed kinaesthetic awareness
understand the timing of the skill

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16
Q

disadvantages of whole practice

A

lots of information to process (overload)
not suitable for beginners

17
Q

what is part practice + example/type of skill

A

skill is broken down into sub-routines and practiced separately

low organisation
front crawl in swimming - arms and legs separately

18
Q

advantages of part practice

A

good for beginners
avoid overload
refine technique
develop confidence

19
Q

disadvantages of part practice

A

struggle to combine the parts so a less fluent movement
time consuming

20
Q

what is progressive part practice + example/type of practice

A

part A and B are learned separately and then combined as AB then C is learned separately then combined as ABC

complex, serial
triple jump
hop skip jump

21
Q

advantages of progressive part practice

A

good for beginners
provides success and motivation
reduced danger

22
Q

disadvantages of progressive part practice

A

relies on the first part being correct
time consuming

23
Q

what is whole part whole practice + example

A

whole skill is performed, a key weakness is identified during this and then practiced separately before redoing the whole skill

back stroke in swimming

24
Q

advantages of whole part whole practice

A

can identify weaknesses
good for coaches with new groups
good kinaesthetic feel

25
Q

disadvantages of whole part whole practice

A

time consuming
could be hard with larger groups because they might not know their weaknesses and everyone’s weakness will be different

26
Q

muscular involvement - skill continuum

A

fine vs gross

fine:
little muscle groups used
e.g hand placement in gymnastics

gross:
large muscle groups used
e.g rubgy tackle

27
Q

continuity - skill continuum

A

discrete vs serial vs continuous

discrete:
the skill has a clear beginning and end
e.g netball pass

serial:
multiple discrete skills combined
e.g triple jump

continuous:
no clear beginning and end
e.g cycling

28
Q

pacing - skill continuum

A

self/internal vs external

internal:
performer is in control of the skill
e.g serve

external:
the performer isn’t in control of the skill
e.g batting in cricket

29
Q

environmental influence - skill continuum

A

open vs closed

open:
the environment affects the skill
e.g pass in football

closed:
environment doesn’t affect the skill
e.g serve

30
Q

difficulty - skill continuum

A

simple vs complex

simple:
no decision making required to complete the skill
e.g walking

complex:
lots of decision making required to complete the skill
e.g throughball

31
Q

organisation - skill continuum

A

high vs low

high:
skill can’t be broken down easily into sub-routines
e.g somersault

low:
skill is easily broken down into sub-routines
e.g triple jump

AS Physical Education (5 decks)

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