Skill Acquisition Flashcards
Fundamental Motor Skills
Are foundation skills that provide the basis for sport specific motor skills.
Classified as: stability skills, locomotor skills, manipulative skills.
Movement Precision -
Gross Motor Skills
Involve the recruitment of large muscle groups with less emphasis on precision
(more power, less precision)
e.g., running, high jump, swimming - maximal height, distance.
Movement Precision -
Fine Motor Skills
Involve recruitment of smaller muscle groups with an emphasis on precision
e.g., throwing a dart, archery
Types of Movement -
Discrete Motor Skills
Have a distinct beginning and end.
- one clear movement
e.g., kicking a ball, netball pass
Types of Movement -
Serial Motor Skills
Several different discrete skills performed in a sequence.
e.g., gymnastics floor routine, triple jump
Types of Movement -
Continuous Motor Skill
Have no definite beginning or end point. Same discrete skill repeated over and over again.
e.g., running, swimming, cycling, iceskating, surfing.
Predictability of Environment -
Closed Motor Skills
Are performed in a predictable, self-paced environment.
- no interruptions or changes in the surroundings
- factors can be controlled
e.g., indoor archery, gymnastics floor routine.
Predictability of Environment -
Open Motor Skills
Are performed in a constantly changing and externally paced environment.
- defenders, scoreboard, tackling, audience, weather conditions, reactions, ground condition
e.g., surfing a wave, digging in volleyball.
When learning a NEW skill, in which type of environment should you be practicing in?
Closed environment - so that external factors do not affect the learning process.
- to further DEVELOP skills you need to be in an open environment with exposure to external factors.
Influences on Movement -
Individual Constraints
Are those INTERNAL to the performer.
Structural Constraints: relate to body structure of the individual.
e.g., height, body size, flexibility, body composition
Functional Constraints: relates to behaviours (thinking, cognitive)
e.g., skill learning, attention, self-efficacy, motivation
Influences on Movement -
Task-related Constraints
Include modifications of the rules of the game and equipment used.
- manipulating the task (equipment, rules)
e.g., an under 10s baseball team would use an appropriately sized bats and balls, rules may be changed from 3 strikes to 5 strikes to be out.
Influences on Movement -
Environmental Constraints
Are those EXTERNAL to the individual such as weather, sociocultural restraints (religion, culture), and gravity.
- no control over
Motor Skill development, participation and performance
The more you participate in something, it increases motor skill development, which improves the performance.
If performance improves, then this would motivate and encourage individuals to participate more.
Qualitative Movement Analysis Principles -
1. Preparation
- info bout critical features of the skill are identified.
- info about performer including age, gender, skill level, medical history.
- details of the observation strategy will be outlined.
Qualitative Movement Analysis Principles -
2. Observation
Direct Observation: small details can be missed, is subjective.
Digital Recording: can be replayed, slowed down for finer details, athlete can watch and identify areas of improvement with coach/trainer.
Qualitative Movement Analysis Principles -
3. Evaluation
Outlines strengths and weaknesses
- involves the use of checklists, criteria, rubrics or rating scales
The coach decides:
- what the problem is?
- what is causing the problem?
- how the problem can be addressed?
Qualitative Movement Analysis Principles -
4. Error Correction
Weaknesses are targeted via either:
- direct or constraints based coaching
- instructional strategies depending on the stage of learning the performer is in.
METHODS of error correction:
- Feedback (verbal)
- Modify practice - task can be broken down to focus more on technique than outcome.
- Visual model - instructor could demonstrate correct execution/footage of correct technique.
- Manual Guidance - coach can physically guide the performer to experience the correct action.