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sketletal Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes

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2
Q

Paget Disease

A

Chronic bone disorder that disrupts the replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue

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3
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Is is an inherited disorder characterized by extreme fragility of thee bones.

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3
Q

Oteomyelitis

A

The inflammation of bone or bone marrow, usually due to an infection.

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4
Q

Osteonecrosis

A

It is the death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply.

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5
Q

Bone tumors

A

It is a mass of unusual cells growing in a bone.

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5
Q

Rickets

A

It is a condition that affects bone development in children.

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5
Q

Osteomalacia

A

When adults bone soften because vitamin D deficiency.

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6
Q

Achondroplasia

A

It is a hereditary condition in which the growth of long bones is restricted by ossification of cartilage.

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7
Q

Hyperostosis

A

This is when there is too much growth of bony tissue.

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7
Q

Acromegaly

A

The abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.

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8
Q

Scoliosis

A

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

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9
Q

Flexion

A

bending at a joint to decrease the angle of the parts

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9
Q

Extension

A

bending at a joint to increase the angle of the parts

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10
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

bring the foot towards the shin (walking on heels)

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11
Q

Hyperextension

A

extension of parts of a joint beyond normal

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11
Q

Plantar flexion

A

takes the foot away from the shine (walking on toes)

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12
Q

abduction

A

at a joint, move a part from the midline

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13
Q

Adduction

A

Move a part towards the midline

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14
Q

Rotation

A

moving a part on an axis (twisting head)

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15
Q

circumduction

A

moving a part so its ends forms a circular path

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16
Q

pronotation

A

palm downward

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17
Q

supination

A

palm upward

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18
Q

Eversion

A

turning foot so the surface faces laterally

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19
Q

Inversion

A

turning the foot so the plantar surface faces medially

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19
Q

elevation

A

to raise a part towards a superior direction (shoulders up)

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19
Q

depression

A

to lower a part towards an inferior direction (shoulders down)

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19
Q

protraction

A

movement of a part in the anterior direction (Head forward)

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20
Q

retraction

A

movement of a part in the posterior direction (head back)

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21
Q

Hinge joint

A

Permits movement only one plane (ankle and elbow)

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21
Q

ellipsoid

A

a reduced ball and socket configuration (knee and wrist joints)

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21
Q

saddle joint

A

a carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb, almostions but rotation

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21
Q

ball and socket joint

A

movements in all directions are permitted (hip and shoulder)

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21
Q

pivot

A

ring bone around a peg, radial head pivots

22
Q

Gliding

A

the facet joints of the vertebrae (wrist bones and ankle)

23
Q

fibrous

A

slight twisting (skull)

24
Q

greenstick

A

incomplete fracture, the break occurs on the convex suface of th bend in bone

25
Q

fissured

A

an incomplete fracture is a longitudinal break

26
Q

communited fracture

A

a complete fracture and fragments the bone

27
Q

transverse fracture

A

a complete fracture, and the break occurs at the right angle to the axis of the bone (horizontal)

28
Q

oblique fracture

A

occurs at a diagonal angle

29
Q

spiral fracture

A

caused by excessive twisting of a bone

30
Q

sinus

A

cavity within a bone

31
Q

condyle

A

rounded process that usually articulates with another boen

32
Q

formamen

A

opening through a bone that usually is a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments

33
Q

Ligaments

A

a type of fibrous connective tissue that joins bones together at joints

34
Q

tendons

A

a type of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

35
Q

epicondyle

A

projection situated above a condyle

36
Q

crest

A

narrow, ridgelike projection

37
Q

facet

A

small, nearly flat surface

38
Q

fontanel

A

soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones

39
Q

fossa

A

relatively deep depression or pit

40
Q

fovea

A

tiny pot or depression

41
Q

head (hed)

A

enlargement on the end of the bone

42
Q

meatus

A

tubelike passageway within a bone

43
Q

process

A

prominent projection on a bone

44
Q

spine

A

thornlike projection

45
Q

trochanter

A

relatively large process

45
Q

suture

A

interlocking line of union between bones

46
Q

tubercle

A

small, knoblike process

47
Q

tuberosity

A

knoblike process usually larger than a tubercle

48
Q

trabeculae

A

branching bony plates

49
Q

medullary cavity

A

a hollow chamer

50
Q

endosteum

A

thin layer of cells

51
Q

intramembranous bones

A

flat bones of the skull

52
Q

osteoblast

A

bone- forming cells

53
Q

osteocytes

A

when extracellular matrix completely surrounds osteoblasts

54
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down extracellular matrix

55
Q

levers

A

when bones and muscles interact as mechanical devices when the body parts move

56
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of blood cell formation

57
Q

amount of ribs

58
Q

true ribs

A

first 7 attached directly to the sternum

59
Q

false ribs

A

5 false ribs their cartilage do not reach the sternum directly

60
Q

floating ribs

A

2 ribs they have no cartilaginous attachments

61
Q

synovial joints

A

allow free movement

62
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones joined together by cartilage

62
Q

cervical

A

seven of them (smallest)

62
Q

Thoracic

A

12 (medium)

63
Q

Lumbar

A

5 (biggesta0)

skeletal system (2 decks)

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