Skeletal Vocab and Related Stuff that isn't the Bones

Question 1

Functions of the Skeleton

Answer 1

• Support body
• Protects soft body parts
• Produced blood cells
• Stores minerals (calcium & phosphate) and fat
• Allows for flexibility and movement

Question 2

Importance of calcium

Answer 2

Stored in the bones, but can be released to blood
- For blood clotting
- For nerve collection (sending signals)
- For muscle contraction

Question 3

Importance of Phosphorus

Answer 3

Stored in the bones, but can be released to blood
- Main part of cell membranes
- Regulated blood pH
- Helps make nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

Question 4

Children Bones

Answer 4

have 270 bones
all red bone marrow

Question 5

Adult Bones

Answer 5

206 bones
yellow bone marrow in limbs and red bone marrow in axial bones

Question 6

Epiphysis

Answer 6

ends of the bone→ red bone marrow

Question 7

diaphysis

Answer 7

middle of the bone→ yellow bone marrow

Question 8

Spongy Bone

Answer 8

in the ends of the bone

Question 9

Compact Bone

Answer 9

around the circumference of the bone

Question 10

periosteum

Answer 10

covering bone for attachment on blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

long bones

Answer 11

longer than wide

Question 12

flat bones

Answer 12

sternum, bones in skull

Question 13

irregular bones

Answer 13

unique
ex) vertebral

Question 14

short bones

Answer 14

ex) wrist and ankle bones

Question 15

Axial

Answer 15

vertebrae, ribcage, sacrum, skull

Question 16

Appendicular

Answer 16

limbs and hipbone

Question 17

Osteoclast

Answer 17

“crushers” break down bone

Question 18

Osteoblast

Answer 18

“builders”build up bone

Question 19

Low Calcium in bloodstream

Answer 19

parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone→ increases activity activity of osteoclast→ breaking down bone releases calcium to blood

Question 20

High calcium in bloodstream

Answer 20

thyroid releases calcitonin hormone→ increases activity of osteoblast→ Increases bone mineral density by taking calcium from blood to bone

Question 21

Growth hormones

Answer 21

in pituitary gland

Question 22

Fibrous Joints

Answer 22

connects bone with dense fibrous tissues, immovable
ex) between skull bones, pubic synthesis

Question 23

Cartilaginous

Answer 23

connects bones with cartilage, little movement
ex) ribs with sternum, discs between vertebrae

Question 24

Synovial

Answer 24

separates bones with fluid cavity vertebrae

Question 25

Condyloid Joints

Answer 25

hands, ankle, feet, wrist one concave, one convex

Question 26

saddle joint

Answer 26

hands, feet, clavicle + manubrium

Question 27

gliding joints

Answer 27

hands and feet

Question 28

hinge joints

Answer 28

elbow, knee, ankle, wrist—-- hinge motions

Question 29

ball and socket

Answer 29

shoulder, hip

Question 30

pivot joints

Answer 30

neck, ulna + radius

Question 31

Cartilage

Answer 31

Ends of bones Flexible Tough cushions

Question 32

tendon

Answer 32

Attaches muscle to bone Sturdy Non-elastic anchors

Question 33

Ligament

Answer 33

Attaches bone to bone Strong Elastic stabilizes

Question 34

Strain

Answer 34

damage to muscle

Question 35

Sprain

Answer 35

damage to ligament

Question 36

Flexion

Answer 36

together

Question 37

extension

Answer 37

apart

Question 38

adduction

Answer 38

towards body

Question 39

abduction

Answer 39

away from body

Question 40

rotation

Answer 40

circle

Question 41

supination

Answer 41

palms up

Question 42

pronation

Answer 42

palms down

Question 43

inversion

Answer 43

feet inward

Question 44

eversion

Answer 44

feet outward

Question 45

non-displaced

Answer 45

broken but still aligned

Question 46

displaced

Answer 46

broken and out of alignment

Question 47

Compound fracture

Answer 47

bone breaks and goes through stin

Question 48

Traverse

Answer 48

straight break

Question 49

Linear

Answer 49

broken line on the bone

Question 50

Oblique

Answer 50

diagonal break

Question 51

Spiral

Answer 51

similar to oblique, but caused by twisting of the bone

Question 52

greenstick

Answer 52

hard to recognize like a fracture

Question 53

comminuted

Answer 53

part of the bone shattered

Question 54

When bones break...

Answer 54

there's a whole process of blood clotting, then cartilage, to bone-forming

Question 55

x-ray

Answer 55

bones in white soft tissue in black

Question 56

MRI

Answer 56

detail of soft tissue, long process, no metal

Question 57

CT

Answer 57

detail of bony tissue, shorter scan, patients with metal

Question 58

Osteoporosis

Answer 58

weak- brittle bones– more prone to fractures

Question 59

Scoliosis

Answer 59

left- right spine curvature

Question 60

Kyphosis

Answer 60

excessive curvature in upper part of spine

Question 61

Lordosis

Answer 61

excessive curvature in lower part of spine

Question 62

arthritis

Answer 62

joints that have excessive inflammation overtime become misaligned- degradation of joints