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HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY > Skeletal Vocab and Related Stuff that isn't the Bones > Flashcards

Skeletal Vocab and Related Stuff that isn't the Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

A
  • Support body
  • Protects soft body parts
  • Produced blood cells
  • Stores minerals (calcium & phosphate) and fat
  • Allows for flexibility and movement
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2
Q

Importance of calcium

A

Stored in the bones, but can be released to blood
- For blood clotting
- For nerve collection (sending signals)
- For muscle contraction

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3
Q

Importance of Phosphorus

A

Stored in the bones, but can be released to blood
- Main part of cell membranes
- Regulated blood pH
- Helps make nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

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4
Q

Children Bones

A

have 270 bones
all red bone marrow

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5
Q

Adult Bones

A

206 bones
yellow bone marrow in limbs and red bone marrow in axial bones

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

ends of the bone→ red bone marrow

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7
Q

diaphysis

A

middle of the bone→ yellow bone marrow

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8
Q

Spongy Bone

A

in the ends of the bone

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9
Q

Compact Bone

A

around the circumference of the bone

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10
Q

periosteum

A

covering bone for attachment on blood vessels and nerves

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11
Q

long bones

A

longer than wide

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12
Q

flat bones

A

sternum, bones in skull

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13
Q

irregular bones

A

unique
ex) vertebral

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14
Q

short bones

A

ex) wrist and ankle bones

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15
Q

Axial

A

vertebrae, ribcage, sacrum, skull

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16
Q

Appendicular

A

limbs and hipbone

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17
Q

Osteoclast

A

“crushers” break down bone

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18
Q

Osteoblast

A

“builders”build up bone

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19
Q

Low Calcium in bloodstream

A

parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone→ increases activity activity of osteoclast→ breaking down bone releases calcium to blood

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20
Q

High calcium in bloodstream

A

thyroid releases calcitonin hormone→ increases activity of osteoblast→ Increases bone mineral density by taking calcium from blood to bone

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21
Q

Growth hormones

A

in pituitary gland

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22
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

connects bone with dense fibrous tissues, immovable
ex) between skull bones, pubic synthesis

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23
Q

Cartilaginous

A

connects bones with cartilage, little movement
ex) ribs with sternum, discs between vertebrae

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24
Q

Synovial

A

separates bones with fluid cavity vertebrae

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25
Q

Condyloid Joints

A

hands, ankle, feet, wrist
one concave, one convex

26
Q

saddle joint

A

hands, feet, clavicle + manubrium

27
Q

gliding joints

A

hands and feet

28
Q

hinge joints

A

elbow, knee, ankle, wrist—– hinge motions

29
Q

ball and socket

A

shoulder, hip

30
Q

pivot joints

A

neck, ulna + radius

31
Q

Cartilage

A

Ends of bones
Flexible
Tough
cushions

32
Q

tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone
Sturdy
Non-elastic
anchors

33
Q

Ligament

A

Attaches bone to bone
Strong
Elastic
stabilizes

34
Q

Strain

A

damage to muscle

35
Q

Sprain

A

damage to ligament

36
Q

Flexion

A

together

37
Q

extension

A

apart

38
Q

adduction

A

towards body

39
Q

abduction

A

away from body

40
Q

rotation

A

circle

41
Q

supination

A

palms up

42
Q

pronation

A

palms down

43
Q

inversion

A

feet inward

44
Q

eversion

A

feet outward

45
Q

non-displaced

A

broken but still aligned

46
Q

displaced

A

broken and out of alignment

47
Q

Compound fracture

A

bone breaks and goes through stin

48
Q

Traverse

A

straight break

49
Q

Linear

A

broken line on the bone

50
Q

Oblique

A

diagonal break

51
Q

Spiral

A

similar to oblique, but caused by twisting of the bone

52
Q

greenstick

A

hard to recognize like a fracture

53
Q

comminuted

A

part of the bone shattered

54
Q

When bones break…

A

there’s a whole process of blood clotting, then cartilage, to bone-forming

55
Q

x-ray

A

bones in white soft tissue in black

56
Q

MRI

A

detail of soft tissue, long process, no metal

57
Q

CT

A

detail of bony tissue, shorter scan, patients with metal

58
Q

Osteoporosis

A

weak- brittle bones– more prone to fractures

59
Q

Scoliosis

A

left- right spine curvature

60
Q

Kyphosis

A

excessive curvature in upper part of spine

61
Q

Lordosis

A

excessive curvature in lower part of spine

62
Q

arthritis

A

joints that have excessive inflammation overtime become misaligned- degradation of joints

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (7 decks)

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