Skeletal Systems I Flashcards
List the functions of bone & Skeletal system
1.Support
2.Protection
3.Assist movement
4.Mineral homeostasis
5.Blood cell Protection
6.Triglyceride Storage (stores yellow bone marrow/potential energy reserve.
List the bone Structure
- Epiphyses - Proximal & distal ends
- Diaphysis - Main shaft
- Metaphases- Contains epiphyseal growth plate.
- Articles cartilage- Reduces friction and absorb shock. Covers the epiphyses
5.Periosteum-Surrounds external bone surface | Osteogenic layer Connective tissue.
- Medullary cavity – Houses bone marrow
- Endosteum – Lines internal bone surface
List the 4 types of Bone cells
Osteogenic cell
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
Which Bone cell maintains bone tissue?
Osteocyte
What is the function of an Osteoblast cell?
Forms Bone matrix
What is an Osteoclast?
An Osteoclast is a bone cell. Its function is for resorption of bone matrix.
What do blood vessels and nerves penetrate bone via?
Volkmanns canals
What are the features of compact bone?
Strongest form of bone tissue
Arranged into structural units – Osteons
Canals surrounded by concentric lamellae
It forms intricate canal network.
Compact bone contain a Lacunae; what does the lacunae contain?
Osteocytes
What connects Osteocytes in compact bone?
Canaliculi
What is spongy bone arranged into?
Trabeculae
Explain the arrangement of spongy bone.
Spongy bone is arranged into trabeculae. There is space between trabeculae. This allows bones to be slighter.
What bones are mainly made of spongy bone?
Short, Flat & Irregular bones
(This is always covered by a layer of compact bone)
What bone cells do spongy bone contain?
osteocytes, osteoblasts & osteoclasts
Explain function of periosteum
Surrounds external bone surface. Connective tissue, Osteogenic
Which is a non specific cell Osteogenic cell or osteoclast?
Answer: Osteogenic-undergo cell division
Osteoclast is for resorption of bone matrix.
Bone Homeostasis. Which cell?
Osteoblast and Osteoclast
Bone formation and Bone resorption
Lines of stress change over time in the same direction of bone stress. True or false?
True. Example femur
Baby crawling——child walking
Does compact bone and spongy bone contain the same bone cells? And what are they?
They contain the same bone cell
Osteocytes, Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts.
Which contains red bone marrow, compact bone or spongy bone?
Spongy bone.
How is compact bone arranged?
Compact bone is arranged in structural units Osteons
Canals are surrounded by Concentric Lamellae These are rings of calcified extracellular matrix.
Osteons Align in the same direction as lines of stress. This can change over time.
Where does the Periosteal artery enter?
The diaphysis through the volkmann canals
What does the nutrient artery split into?
Nutrient artery divides into proximal & distal branches – Supply inner
compact bone, diaphysis & spongy bone
Where is the metaphyseal found? What does it contain?
Found in the metaphyses and supplies red bone marrow.
What does Epiphyseal arteries contain and where is it found>?
Supply red bone marrow & epiphyses
Do bones contain veins?
Yes (they match the artery)
What is intramembranous ossification?
The initial bone development
How many steps for intramembranous ossification?
6
What is the first step of intramembranous ossification?
Development of cartilage model
Formed by chondroblasts surrounded by perichondrium
What is step 2 of intramembranous ossification?
Growth of cartilage model.
Interstitial growth- cell division of chondrocytes
Apposition growth.
The extracellura metric begins to calcify.
Step 3 intramembranous ossification
Development of primary ossification
Nutrient artery penetrates perichondrium.
This stimulates cell to differentiate from chondroblasts to osteoblast.
Explain further step 3 of intramembranous ossification
Periocondrium starts to form bone.
Primary ossification centre is induced by capillaries forming into calcified cartilage.
Then Osteoblasts deposit bone extracellular matrix over the calcified cartilage.
What induces growth of the primary ossification centre?
Capillary growth into calcified cartilage.
Explain step 4 of intramembranous ossification?
Development of Medullary cavity.
Osteoclasts break down some Spongy bone trabeculae. (Unit structure)
This leaves a cavity in the diaphysis.
The wall of diaphysis is replaced by compact bone.
Step 5 of intramembranous ossification
Development of Secondary ossification centres
Branches of epiphyseal artery enters the epiphysis.
Spongy bone remains in the interior aspect of the epiphyses.
Step 6 intramembranous ossification
Formation of articulatar cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
Until adulthood, hyaline cartilage remains between diaphysis and epiphysis as the epiphyseal growth plate.
The epiphyseal growth plate is responsible for lengthwise growth of long bone.
Both growth is linked to what two events?
Interstitial growth of cartilage
Replacement of cartilage
How many zones of the epiphyseal growth plate?
4
List the zones that make up the epiphyseal growth plate
Zone of Resting Cartilage
Zone of Proliferating Cartilage
Zone of Hypertrophic Cartiliage
Zone of Calcified Cartiliage
What is appositional growth?
Bone thickness
