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skeletal systems Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

Support and protection
Body movement
Blood cell formation
Storage of inorganic materials

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2
Q

organization of the skeletal system (2)

A

206 bones
appendicular and axial

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3
Q

axial skeleton

A

Head, neck, trunk
Skull
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral Column
Thoracic Cage (ribs, 12 pairs)
Sternum

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4
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral Girdle (scapula, clavicle, arms)
Pelvic Girdle (coxal bones, legs)

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5
Q

bone structure of a long bone (5)

A

Epiphysis (end)
2. Diaphysis (shaft)
3. Articular Cartilage
(hyaline cartilage, padding)
4. Periosteum
(membrane that covers entire bone)
5. Medulla (contains marrow)

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6
Q

types of bones (5)

A

flat, long, short, irregular, sesamoid

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7
Q

flat bones

A

protection
sternum, ribs, skull bones

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8
Q

long bones

A

support weight and movement
femur, tibia, fibula
humerus, radius, ulna

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9
Q

short bones

A

stability and movement
carpals and tarsals

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10
Q

irregular bones

A

protects organs
vertebrae and pelvis

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11
Q

sesamoid bones

A

reinforce tendons
patella

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12
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow, filled with yellow bone marrow

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13
Q

endosteum

A

lines of the medullary cavity

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14
Q

red marrow

A

produces blood

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15
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat storage

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16
Q

types of bone tissue (2)

A

compact and spongy

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17
Q

epiphyseal line or disk

A

growth plate

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18
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue. matrix is composed of collagen and inorganic materials like calcium and phosphate

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19
Q

collagen

A

connective tissue

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20
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE

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21
Q

lamellae

A

rings around the haversian canal which holds blood vessels

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22
Q

canaliculi

A

tiny canals that link osteocytes

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23
Q

Ossification

A

hyaline cartilage that gradually changes into bone tissue (bone development)

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24
Q

osteoblasts

A

create osteocytes

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25
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone reabsorption

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26
Q

Heterotopic Ossification

A

abnormal growth of bone in non-skeletal tissues including muscle, tendons or other soft tissue.

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27
Q

Synarthrotic

A

immovable joint, called sutures (skull)

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28
Q

Amphiarthrotic

A

slightly movable
(vertebrae)

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29
Q

Diarthrotic

A

moveable joint (knee, elbow, shoulder)

30
Q

types of Diarthrotic Joints (4)

A

ball and socket (shoulder/ hip)
hinge (elbow/knee)
pivot (lower arm)
saddle (thumb)

31
Q

bones in the skull (9)

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygomatic

32
Q

sutures

A

connections points between bones

33
Q

coronal suture

A

between frontal and parietal bones

34
Q

Lambdoidal suture

A

between occipital and parietal bones

35
Q

Squamosal suture

A

between temporal and parietal bones

36
Q

Sagittal suture

A

between parietal bones

37
Q

vertebral column

A

cervical (c1-c7)
thoracic (t1-t12)
lumbar (l1-l5)
sacrum and coccyx (tailbone)

38
Q

thoracic cage

A

True Ribs = First seven
False Ribs = Next 3 pairs
Floating Ribs = Last two pairs

39
Q

pectoral girdle

A

humorous, scapulas, clavicles

40
Q

ulna

A

pinky side

41
Q

radius

A

thumb side

42
Q

pelvic girdle

A

coxal, sacrum, coccyx

43
Q

carpals

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

44
Q

tarsals

A

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

45
Q

types of fractures (7)

A

transverse, linear, oblique nondisplaced, oblique displaced, spiral, greenstick, comminuted

46
Q

bone spurs

A

also known as osteophytes, occur when the body grows small projections on the edges of bones

47
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

common cause of heel pain.
-inflammation of the plantar fascia
- walking can be painful

48
Q

OSTEOPOROSIS

A

Increased activity of osteoclasts cause a break down bone, bones become more fragile

The spongy bone especially becomes more porous.

49
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

an autoimmune disease which causes joint stiffness and bone deformity

50
Q

joint

A

Functional junctions between bones
Allow the body to move and change shape when muscles contract

51
Q

fibrous joints

A

Lie between bones that closely contact each other
Thin layer of dense connective tissue
(sutures of the bones in the skull)
No or very limited movement

52
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

Hyaline cartilage connects the bones
Also provides shock absorption
Allow limited movement
Example: joints between the vertebrae of the vertebral column

53
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Most joints in the body
Allow free movement of the bones
Articular ends of the bones are covered in cartilage and surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue
Some have flattened pads of cartilage called menisci
Some have fluid filled sacs called bursae

54
Q

other types of joints

A

Condyloid Joints
Oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into the cavity of another
Permits movement in a variety of planes but not rotational
Example: Metacarpals and phalanges
6. Gliding Joints
Almost flat or slightly curved
Allow sliding and twisting
Examples: ankles and wrists

55
Q

flexion

A

bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and the parts come together

56
Q

extension

A

Straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them increases and the parts move further apart

57
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending the foot at the ankle toward the shin

58
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending the foot at the ankle toward the sole

59
Q

hyperextension

A

excess extension of the parts at a joint beyond the anatomical position

60
Q

abduction

A

moving a part away from the midline

61
Q

adduction

A

moving a part toward the midline

62
Q

rotation

A

moving a part around an axis

63
Q

circumduction

A

moving a part so that its end follows a circular path

64
Q

pronation

A

palms down

65
Q

supination

66
Q

eversion

A

turning the foot so that the sole faces laterally

67
Q

inversion

A

turning the foot so that the sole faces medially

68
Q

retraction

A

moving a part backward

69
Q

protraction

A

moving a part forward

70
Q

elevation

A

raising a part

71
Q

depression

A

lowering a part

skeletal system (1 decks)

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