Skeletal System : The Axial System Flashcards
What are 5 main types of bone based on shape?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
What are small, extra bone plates located within the sutures of cranial bones?
Sutural Bones
What are the jointed areas where flat bones come together?
Sutures
What are the 2 major types of surface markings?
- Depression / Openings
- Processes
Depression + Openings or Processes
- Allow the passage of soft tissues
- Form joints
Depression + Openings
What is a narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves?
Fissure
What is a hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments?
Foramen
What is a shallow depression?
Fossa
What is a furrow on a bone for passage of blood vessel, nerve or tendon?
Sulcus
What is a tubelike opening?
Meatus
What is a rounded projection with a smooth articular surface?
Condyle
What is a smooth, flat, slightly concave articular surface?
Facet
What is usually rounded articular process supported on a neck?
Head
What is a prominent ridge or elongated process?
Crest
What is usually roughened projection on a condyle?
Epicondyle
What is a long, narrow ridge or border (less prominent than a crest)?
Line
What is a sharp, slender projection?
Spinous process
What is a very large projection found only on the femur?
Trochanter
What is a variably sized rounded projection?
Tubercle
What is a variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface?
Tuberosity
How many bones does the skull contain?
22 bones
What is the largest and strongest facial bone?
only the moveable skull bone?
Mandible
What is an immoveable joint?
Sutures
What bone does not articulate with any other bone?
supports the tongue and provides an attachment site for some muscles of the neck and pharynx
Hyoid bone
What is also known as the spinal column, backbone or spine?
What protects the spinal cord?
Vertebral column
What is composed of 26 vertebrae? How many regions is it divided into?
Vertebral Column
5 regions
What is located between the bodies of the vertebrae from the second cervical to the sacrum?
Intervertebral Discs
What supports the ribs and have special structures for rib head and tubercle attachment?
Thoracic Vertebrae
What is the largest and strongest vertebrae?
no special structures that are specifically associated with these vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
What is a triangular shape and is a part of the pelvic girdle and is composed of 5 vertebrae that fuse?
Sacrum
What is smaller than the sacrum but is also triangular in shape and is composed of 4 vertebrae that fuse?
Coccyx
What is the entire chest region?
Thorax
What bones compose the thoracic cage?
Sternum, Ribs and Costal Cartilage
How many segments is the sternum composed of?
What are they?
3 segments
- Upper manubrium
- middle body
- lower xiphoid process
How many segments is the sternum composed of?
What are they?
3 segments
- Upper manubrium
- middle body
- lower xiphoid process
What articulates with the clavicles and costal cartilages?
Sternum
How many pairs does the ribs have?
12
What are the true (vertebrosternal) ribs?
What is the cartilage directed to?
7 pairs
What are the true (vertebrosternal) ribs?
What is the cartilage directed to?
The fist 7 pairs
They’re connected to sternum
What are the false (vertebrochondral) ribs?
Is the cartilage connected to the sternum?
next 5 pairs
They are indirectly connected to the sternum
What are the floating ribs?
Are they connected to the sternum?
Last 2 pairs
They are not connected to the sternum
