Skeletal System (projections & Depressions) Flashcards
Functions of Bone System
support
protection
movement
mineral storage
blood cell formation
triglyceride energy storage (yellow marrow)
3 Main Cartilage
Hyaline (moveable joints)
Elastic (recoils)
Fibrocartilage (Absorbs shock)
Axial Skeleton
skull, vertebrae, and ribs
(protection and support)
Appendicular skeleton
appendages/arm and legs
(movement)
Bone Classification
long bone (humerus)
short bone (talus)
flat bone (sternum)
irregular bone (vertebra)
2 type of bone markings
projections - connection (sites of muscle and ligament attachments, helps form joints
depressions- passageways for blood vessels
projection- tuberosity
large rounded projection; may be roughened
projection- crest
narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
projection- trochanter
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only on femur)
projection- line
narrow ridge of bones; less prominent than a crest
projection- tubercle
small rounded projection or process
projection- epicondyle
raised area on or above condyle
projection- spine
sharp, slender, often pointed projection
projection- process
any bony prominence
projection- head
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
projection- condyle
rounded articular projection
projection- ramus
armlike bar of bone
depression- facet
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
depression- groove
furrow
depression- fissure
narrow, slitlike opening
depression- foramen
round or oval opening through a bone
depression- notch
indentation at the edge of a structure
depression- meatus
canal-like passageway
depression- fossa
shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
depression- sinus
cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
2 chemical compositions of bones
organic and inorganic
organic
flexibility
Ex:ground substance & collagen fibers
inorganic
rigidity
Ex: calcium
epiphyseal
growth plates
visceral
Third subdivision- comprised of lower jaw, some upper jaw, brachial arches
conche
nose bones
increased surface area
good for cold air
Sinus
immunity / filters
for talking
dissipates force to brain
Fontanel
soft spots in baby heads
helps baby get out of birthing canal
Compact bone
Dense outer layer, looks smooth
Spongy (cancellous) bone
Inner-layer, lots of open space
