Skeletal System (chapter 7) Flashcards
How many bones do we make up?
there 206 bones
true or false: Bones are considered and organ
true
Functions of the bones
Framework, Protection, Levers, Production (red & white blood cells and platelets) and storage
Framework
supports the bodies fat, muscles and skin
Protection
bones surround our vital organ’s, skull protects the brain and rib cage protect lungs
Levers
theyre attached to muscles to provide movement
Production
called hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis
Storage
bones that store most of the cranium
Types of bone
Flat and Long bones
Flat bones
protect internal organs like the brain, heart and pelvic organs
Ex. Cranium-brain, Sternum-ribs and Scapula
Long bones
supports weight and facilitates movement
Ex. Femur (longest bone)
Parts of the skeletal system
Axial and Appendicular
Axial
is made up of the main trunk, (chest, abdomen, pelvis, and back) skull, spinal column, ribs & breast bone
Appendicular
the extremities, (arms or legs) shoulder girdle, arm bones, pelvic girdle and leg bones
The shoulder is made up of -
2 clavicles and the scapula
Bones of each arm
Humerus, Ulna, Carpal, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Where is the Humerus
upper arm radius to lower arm on the thumb side (1 on each side)
Where is the Ulna
large bone on lower arm with a projection (1 on each side)
What’s the Olecranon process
the elbow area (1 on each side)
Where and the Caparls
the wrist area (8 carpals)
Where are the metacarpals
palm of the hand (5 meta)
What are the Phalanges
the fingers (3 each) & thumbs (2 each) (14)
Bones of each leg
Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Where is the Femur
thigh (longest bone in our body)
Where’s the Patella
knee cap area
Where’s the Tibia
larger bone of the lower leg or shin
Where is the Fibula
smaller bone of the lower leg
Where’s the Tarsals
ankle area (calcaneus large tarsal bone - heel)
Where are the Metatarsals
front of the foot, distal from the tarsals
Where are the Phalanges (legs)
Toes (same amount as fingers)
Spinal Column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
Cervical
neck bones (7)
Thoracic
chest bones (12)
Lumbar
Waist bones (5)
Sacrum
back of pelvic girdle
Coccyx
tail bone (intervertebral pads)
Skull parts
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Zygomatic, Mandible, Maxilla, Lacrimal, Nasal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid
Appendicular skeletal system has
the extremities
shoulder girdle
arm bones
pelvic girdle
leg bones
Pelvic girdle
2 hip bones
acetabula - 2 recessed pockets (makes femur)
illium, ischium, pubis
(passage of blood vessels & nerve through obturator foramen between ischium & pubis)
What happens when you get a Ruptured disc (herniated or slipped)
(the pad of cartilage separating the vertebrae)
-ruptures out of place, causing pressure on the spinal nerve giving severe pain, muscle spasm,impaired movement, pain & tingling
How can you treat a Ruptured disc
-Pain, anti inflammatory medicine & muscle relaxers may be given
-Hot & cold application, traction, PT, a chiropractor
Diaphysis
long shaft of the anatomic parts of the long bone
Epiphysis
ends of the bone
Medullary canal
cavity in the diaphysis (have yellow marrow -white blood cells and fat cells)
Endosteum
membrane that lines the medullary and keeps yellow marrow intact
Where is Red marrow found
vertebrae, ribs, sternum, cranium, proximal end of the humerus and femur
Hematopoiesis
way all blood cells are formed, developed and matured into adult bone marrow
Periosteum
contains blood vessels, lymph and osteoblasts that form new bone tissue
Sutures
areas where cranial bones join together
Sinuses
air spaces in the bone of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice
Foramina
openings in the bone that allow nerve and blood vessels to enter and leave the bone
Spinal columns that consist of 26 bones
vertebrae
Joints
areas where two or more bones join together
Ligaments
helps hold the bone together AT the joints
Diarthrosis/Synovial
freely moveable
Amphiarthrosis
slightly moveable
Synarthrosis
immovable
Arthritis
group disease of inflammation to the joints
Bursitis
small inflammation, fluid filled sacs surrounding the joints
Fractures
crack or break of the bone
Dislocation
when a bone is forcibly displaced from joint
Sprain
twisting action that tears ligament at the joint (wrist or ankle mostly)
Osteomyelitis
bone inflammation usually caused by pathogenic organisms
Osteoporosis
increased porosity, metabolic disorder by hormone deficiency
Scoliosis (Spinal Curvatures)
abnormal curves of the spinal column (multiple cases of it)
