Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue Flashcards
Which of these is not a function of bone?
a. internal support and protection
b. attachment for the muscles
c. calcium and phosphate storage
d. blood cell production
e. vitamin D storage
vitamin D storage
Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells within the _____ , and they are derived from _____.
lacunae, chondroblasts
Which of these statements concerning cartilage is correct?
a. Cartilage often occurs in thin plates or sheets.
b. Chondrocytes receive nutrients and oxygen from blood vessels in the matrix.
c. Articular cartilage has a thick perichondrium layer.
d. The perichondrium contains both chondrocytes and osteocytes.
e. Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes within the tissue add more matrix from the inside.
cartilage often occurs in thin plates or sheets
What substances makes up the major portion of bone?
hydroxyapatite
The flexible strength of bone occurs because of
collagen fibers
The primary function of osteoclasts is to
break down bone
Central canals
a. connect perforating canals to canaliculi.
b. connect spongy bone to compact bone.
c. are where blood cells are produced.
d. are found only in spongy bone.
e. are lined with periosteum.
connect perforating canals to canaliculi
The lamellae found in osteons are _____ lamellae.
concentric
Spongy bone consists of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called
trabeculae
A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the
diaphysis
Yellow marrow is
mostly adipose tissue
The periosteum
a. is an epithelial tissue membrane.
b. covers the outer and internal surfaces of bone.
c. contains only osteoblasts.
d. becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments.
e. has a single fibrous layer.
becomes continuous with collagen fibers of tendons or ligaments
Given these events:
(1) Osteochondral progenitor cells become osteoblasts.
(2) Connective tissue membrane is formed.
(3) Osteoblasts produce woven bone.
Which sequence best describes intramembranous bone formation?
2,1,3
Given these processes: (1) Chondrocytes die. (2) Cartilage matrix calcifies. (3) Chondrocytes hypertrophy. (4) Osteoblasts deposit bone. (5) Blood vessels grow into lacunae. Which sequence best represents the order in which these processes occur during endochondral bone formation?
3,2,1,5,4
Intramembranous bone formation
a. occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
b. is responsible for growth in diameter of a bone.
c. gives rise to the flat bones of the skull.
d. occurs within a hyaline cartilage model.
e. produces articular cartilage in the long bones.
gives rise to the flat bones of the skull
The ossification regions formed during early fetal development
primary ossification centers
Growth in the length of a long bone occurs
at epiphyseal plate
During growth in length of a long bone, cartilage forms and then ossifies. The location of the ossification is the zone of
calcification
Given these processes:
(1) An osteon is produced.
(2) Osteoblasts from the periosteum form a series of ridges.
(3) The periosteum becomes the endosteum.
(4) Osteoblasts lay down bone to produce a concentric lamella.
(5) Grooves are changed into tunnels.
Which sequence best represents the order in which these processes occur during growth in the width of a long bone?
2,5,3,4,1
Chronic vitamin D deficiency results in which of these consequences?
a. Bones become brittle.
b. The percentage of bone composed of hydroxyapatite increases.
c. Bones become soft and pliable.
d. Scurvy occurs.
e. Both a and b are correct.
bones become soft and pliable
Estrogen
a. stimulates a burst of growth at puberty.
b. causes a later closure of the epiphyseal plate than testosterone does.
c. causes a longer growth period in females than testosterone causes in males.
d. tends to prolong the growth phase of the epiphyseal plates.
e. All of these are correct.
stimulates a burst of growth at puberty
Bone remodeling can occur
a. when woven bone is converted into lamellar bone.
b. as bones are subjected to varying patterns of stress.
c. as a long bone increases in diameter.
d. when new osteons form in compact bone.
e. All of these are correct.
all of these are correct
Given these processes:
(1) cartilage ossification
(2) external callus formation
(3) hematoma formation
(4) internal callus formation
(5) remodeling of woven bone into compact bone
Which sequence best represents the order in which the processes occur during repair of a fracture?
3,4,2,1,5
Which of these processes during bone repair requires the longest period of time?
a. cartilage ossification
b. external callus formation
c. hematoma formation
d. internal callus formation
e. remodeling of woven bone into compact bone
remodeling of woven bone into compact bone
