Skeletal system- axial skeleton markings Flashcards
What are the two types of bone?
Spongy and compact
What are the classifications of bone shape?
long, flat, irregular, and short bone
What is a tuberosity?
A bone marking large rounded projection that may be roughened, for muscle and ligament attachment
What is a crest?
The bone marking that is a narrow ridge of a bone that is usually prominent, for muscle and ligament attachment
What is a Trochanter?
A bone marking that is very large blunt irregularly shaped process that is only present on the femur; for muscle and ligament attachment
What is a line?
A bone marking that is narrow on a ridge but less prominent than a crest. For muscle and ligament attachment
What is a tubercle?
A bone marking that is a small rounded projection or process. For muscle and ligament attachment
What is an epicondyle?
A bone marking that is a raised area on or above a condyle. For muscle and ligament attachment
What is a spine?
A bone marking that is a sharp slender and often pointed projection. For muscle and ligament attachment
What is a process?
A bone marking that is a bony prominence. For muscle and ligament attachment.
What is a head?
A bone marking that is a bony expansion carried on a narrow neck. Aids in joint formation
What is a Facet?
A bone marking that is smooth, nearly flat articular surface. Aids in joint formation
What is a condyle
A bone marking that is a rounded articular projection. Aids in joint formation.
What is a ramus
A bone marking that is the armlike bar of bone; aids in joint formation.
What is a fissure
A bone marking that is a narrow slit like opening, for the passage of vessels and nerves
What is a foramen
A bone marking that is a round oval opening through a bone, for the passage of vessels and nerves
What is a Notch
A bone marking that is an indention at the edge of a structure
What is a meatus
A canal like passageway
What is a sinus
A bone cavity that is filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane
What is a fossa
A shallow basin like depression in bone that often serves as an articular surface.
What is the significance of the foramen magnum on the skull
The large opening of bone that allows the spinal chord to join with the brain stem
What is the significance of the occipital condyles
The rounded projections that are lateral to the foramen magnum and articulate with the first cervical vertebrae (atlas)
What is the significance of the hypoglossal canal
The opening medial and superior to the occipital condyles through which the cranial nerve will pass through
What is the significance of the external occipital protuberance
Midline prominence posterior to the foramen magnum
What is the significance of the greater wings on the sphenoid bone
Project laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbits.
What is the significance of the pterygoid process on the sphenoid bone
Project inferiorly from the greater wings; attachment site for chewing muscles
What is the significance of the superior orbital fissures on the sphenoid bone
Slits the orbits, providing passage of cranial nerves that control eye movement
What is the significance of the sella turcica on the sphenoid bone
Located on the superior surface of the body; the seat of the saddle and holds the pituitary gland.
What is the significance of the lesser wings on the sphenoid bone
Form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and part of the orbit
What is the significance of the optic canals on the sphenoid bone
Form the openings of the base in the lesser wings, the cranial nerve passess through to serve the eye
What is the significance of the foramen rotundum on the sphenoid bone
Opening located in the medial part of the lesser wing the optic cranial nerve passess through
What is the significance of the foramen ovale on the sphenoid bone
Openings are located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum and a branch of the cranial nerve passess through
What is the significance of the foramen spinosum on the sphenoid bone
Openings are located posterolateral the foramen ovale and provide passage for the meningeal artery.
What is the significance of the crista galli on the ethmoid bone
Known as the rooster’s comb, and is a superior projection that attaches to the dura mater, helps secure the brain within the skull
What is the significance of the cribriform plates on the ethmoid bone
Located lateral to the crista galli and form a portion of the roof of the nasal cavity and the floor of the anterior cranial fossa
What is the significance of the cribriform foramina on the ethmoid bone
Tiny holes on the cribriform plates that allow for the passage of filaments to the olfactory nerve
What is the significance of the perpendicular plate on the ethmoid bone
An inferior projection that forms the superior portion of the nasal septum
What is the significance of the lateral masses on the ethmoid bone?
Flank the perpendicular plate on each side and are filled with sinuses
What is the significance of orbital plates on the ethmoid bone?
Lateral surfaces of the lateral masses that act as turbinates and improve airflow in the nasal cavity.
What is the significance of the lacrimal fossa on the facial bones
Houses the lacrimal sac and is responsible for draining tears from the nasal cavity
What is the significance of the vomer bone on the facial bones
Thin blade shaped bone that is responsible for for formation of the inferior nasal septum
What is the significance of the horizontal plate of the facial bone
A part of the palatine bone that forms the posterior portion of the hard palate
What is the significance of the median palatine suture on the facial bones
A part of the palatine bone that is the median fusion of the horizontal plates of the palatine bone.
What is the significance of the frontal process of the facial bones
A part of the maxilla that forms a part of the lateral aspect of the bridge of the nose
What is the significance of the infraorbital foramen on the facial bones
A part of the maxilla that forms the opening under the orbit that forms a passageway for the infraorbital artery and nerve.
What is the significance of the palatine process on the facial bones?
Forms the anterior hard palate
What is the significance of the zygomatic process on the facial bones
The articulation process for the zygomatic bones a part of the maxilla
What is the significance of the alveolar process of the facial bones
The inferior margin of the maxilla; contains sockets in which the teeth lie
What is the significance of the condylar process on the facial bones
To articulate with the mandibular fossa a part of the mandible
What is the significance of the coronoid process on the facial bones
The crown shaped portion of the ramus for muscle attachment
What is the significance of the mandibular notches on the facial bones
To separate the condylar process and the coronoid process.
What is the significance of the body of the facial bones mandible
The horizontal portion that forms the chin
What is the significance of the ramus on the facial bones
A part of the mandible that is vertical extension of the body
What is the significance of mandibular angles on the facial bones
A part of the mandible that is the posterior point where the ramus meets the body
What is the significance of mental foramina on the facial bones
A part of the mandible that is the paired openings lateral to midline that transmit blood vessels and nerves to the lower lip and skin of chin
What is significance of the alveolar process on the mandible of the facial bones
The superior margin of the mandible that contains sockets in which the teeth lie
What is the significance of the mandibular foramina on the facial bones
Located on the medial surface of each ramus; the passageway for each nerve involved in tooth sensation .
