skeletal system Flashcards
primary composed of
bones
cartilage
ligaments
bones
made of osseous tissue, a hard dense connect tissue
cartilage
semi-rigid form of connective tissue that provides flexibility and smooth surfaces
ligaments
dense connective tissue that holds joints together
six main functions
support protection movement storage endocrine regulation blood cell production
support
frame that supports the body and maintains shape
protection
vital protection for our internal organ
movement
facilitated movement
ball and socket, hinge, pivot
ball and socket
shoulder and hip joints
hinge
knee and elbow joints
pivot
forearm, ankle and neck joints
storage
store a number of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron)
endocrine regulation
bone cells release osteocalcin, which is vital for blood sugar regulation, insulin levels and fat development
blood cell production
blood cell production takes place in bone marrow
red bone marrow
where blood cell production takes place
yellow marrow
comprised mainly of fat cells= released to provide energy
types of bones
axial: skull, rib cage, sternum, spinal column, bones that protect internal organs
appendicular: every other bone, supports your appendages
five types of bones
flat bones long bones short bones irregular bones sesamoid bones
flat bones
protect internal organs
ex: scapula, cranium, sternum
long bones
support weight and facilitate movement
ex: femur, humerus, radius
short bones
cube shaped, provides stability and movement
ex: carpals and tarsals
irregular bones
irregular shapes, protect certain internal organs
ex: spinal column, pelvis
sesamoid bones
small round bones found in tendons that keep the tendons from wearing down
ex: patella
cranium
upper skull
maxilla
upper jaw, helps chewing
mandible
lower jaw, helps chewing
clavicle
collarbone, supports the shoulder
scapula
shoulder blade, helps arm movement
humerus
connects with shoulder socket
radius
thumb side
ulna
pinky side
carpals
bones in wrist
metacarpals
close to palm
phalanges
fingers and thumbs
sternum
breast bone (connects to ribs from cartilage)
ribs
expand and contract as you breath, protects lungs and heart
vertabrae
form spinal column
pelvis
hip socket
femur
upper leg (knee to hip)
tibia
large leg bone
fibula
long and thin leg bone
patella
knee cap
tarsals
helps arch in foot
metatarsals
helps arch in foot
phalanges
toes
different types of bone fractures
displaced, non-displaced, closed, open
displaced fracture
the bone snaps into two or more parts and moves so that the two ends are not lined up straight
non-displaced fracture
the bone cracks either part or all of the way through, but does more and maintains its proper alignment
closed fracture
bone breaks but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin
open fracture
bone breaks through the skin
