Skeletal System Flashcards
What is in the axail skeleton
Skull, spine, ribs
What is part of the Appendicular
Limbs, Pelvis, Shoulders
Name the three main body types
Ectomorph - tall and slim
Endomorph - Short and round
Mesamorph - Athletic and broad shoulders
classification of bones
long bone - Humerous Short bone - Tarsals Flat Bone - Scapula Irregular bone - vertebrea Sesmoid bone - Patella
Name the bone in the skull and how many
cranial bone x8
Name the number + name of bones in the spinal chord
Cervical x 7 Thoracic x 12 Lumbar x 5 Sacral x 5 Coxcygeal x 4
Name and number of bones in the ribs
12 pairs
first 7 attach to sternum
next 3 attach to common cartalige then sternum
last 2 free standing
Name and number the bones in the shoulders
Shoulder bones x 2
clavicle x2
Name and number the bones in the arm
Humerous - upper arm connects to shoulder and elbow joint
radious - Outer arm, elbow joint
Ulna - inner arm, elbow and wrist joint
Name and number the bones in the hands
Carpals (8 in each – metacarpals (5 each) – phalanges (28 in total)
Name and number the bones in the pelvis
Illium (2 bones)
Ishium (2 bones)
Pubis (2 bones)
Name and number the bones in the legs
Femur - Thigh bone
Tibia - Lower leg
Fibia - lower leg
Patella - knee cap
Name and number the bones in the feet
Tarsals - 14 in total
Metatarsals - 10 in total
Phalanges - 28 in total
Osteoblasts to Osteoclasts
Blasts form new bones
Clasts eat away at old bone
Describe bone
Calcified connective tissue - strong but brittle
Describe cartalige
Dense tough fibres made of collegen
Name + describe the 3 types of cartalige
Hyline C - feotus skeleton
Fibro C - thicker, made of collegen
Elastin C - Mostly elastin - can turn to origional shape
Purpose of bones
Maintain body shape
protect organs
locomotion (M need bones to create movement at joint
attatchments - ligaments attach B + B
Name the two ends of of the long bone
Epiphysis and diaphysis
Bones from birth to adulthood
Bone lengthens between diaphysis and epiphysis creating new cells
What do bones consist of
Blood vesells, nerves, collegen, active cells ( Osteo’s)
Bones in the feotus stage
Before bones, theres cartalige - Osteo’s replace cartalige with long bone
Describe bone repair stages
Stage 1 - Inflamation ( Blood clots, when cells die - release cytokins to start repair process)
Stage 2 - Soft callus formation (Fibroblasts start laying granulation tissue
Stage 3 - Hard callus formation (Hard callus covers remodelling stage as protection)
Stage 4 - Remodelling (Osteo’s active to remodel bone. Once finished, callus removed
