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Medical Terminology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Skeleton

A

A jointed framework that supports, protects, and gives shape to the body.

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2
Q

What are bones made of?

A

Mineral salts (mainly calcium and phosphorus)

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3
Q

What is the study of bones?

A

Osteology

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4
Q

What type of tissue are bones?

A

A special type of connective tissue called Osseous tissue

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5
Q

The hard, outer shell of bone

A

Compact bone

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6
Q

Spongey, lattice-like, inner structure of bone

A

Cancellous (or cancellated) bone

(Think of ear cancelling headphones. They block out/absorb sound through spongey pads like cancellous bones absorb shock)

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7
Q

Innermost part of bone that houses the bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity

Think of medusa in her cave-the MEDUllary cavity is like a cave inside the bone

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of the long bone

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9
Q

Which type of bone marrow stores fat?

A

Yellow bone marrow

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10
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Hematopoietic young/forming blood cells

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11
Q

What happens to bone marrow as you age?

A

Red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow

think if the order if the colors of the rainbow; red comes before yellow

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12
Q

What is the term for blood cell producing?

A

Hematopoietic

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13
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous vascular membrane that covers the bone surface (periosteum=”around the bone”)

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14
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Immature bone cells

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15
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Phagocytic cells that break down the bone

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16
Q

What are the connections with the blood vessels of the periosteum?

A

Anastomoses

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17
Q

What are openings in the bone?

A

Foramen

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18
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of the bone

‘E’piphyses ‘E’nds

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19
Q

What produces the hormones that signal bone growth?

A

Pituitary gland

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20
Q

Bone between the hip joint and the stifle

A

Femur

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21
Q

What is the bone that is distal to the shoulder and proximal to the elbow?

A

Humerus

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22
Q

List the different classifications of bone

A

Long, flat, short, irregular

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23
Q

Breastbone

A

Sternum

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24
Q

What type of bone is the sternum?

A

Flat

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25
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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26
Q

Name the short bones found in the joint capsules of some animals (typically equine)

A

Sesamoid bones

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27
Q

What classification of bone is the Os penis?

A

Irregular

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28
Q

What two main parts are the skeleton divided into?

A

Axial and appendicular

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29
Q

U-shaped bones located in the neck

A

Hyoid bones

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30
Q

What is the purpose of the hyoid bones?

A

Support the pharynx

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31
Q

What are the parts of the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

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32
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

The bones of the limbs, clavicle, scapula, and pelvis

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33
Q

Tunnel

A

Canal

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34
Q

Rounded projection

A

Condyle

Think of a dial. ConDYLE, dial :p

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35
Q

Crest, crista

A

High ridge

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36
Q

Small, smooth area

A

Facet

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37
Q

Opening or hole

A

Foramen

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38
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded projection

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39
Q

Fosse, fovea

A

Basinlike depression

Think of searching for fossils in a dried up basin. FOSSil, FOSSa

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40
Q

Rounded eminence or projection

A

Head

41
Q

Line

A

Low ridge

42
Q

Passage or opening

A

Meatus

43
Q

Any projection

A

Process

44
Q

Meatus

A

Passage or opening

45
Q

Cavity or channel

A

Sinus

46
Q

Sharp projection

A

Spine

Think of sharp projections like the spines of a porcupine-not just spine like the spinal column

47
Q

Open, ditchlike groove

A

Sulcus

Look up sulcata tortoise. Think of the grooves in their shell

48
Q

Seam

A

Suture

49
Q

Broad, flat process

A

Trochanter

50
Q

Tubercle

A

Small, rounded eminence

51
Q

Protuberance

A

Tuberosity

52
Q

What are the two major segments of the skull?

A

Cranium and facial bones

53
Q

What protects the brain and organs of special sense?

A

Skull

54
Q

What is the only moveable bone of the skull?

A

Mandible

55
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw

56
Q

Upper jaw

A

Maxilla

57
Q

What lessen bone weight, provide resonating chambers for vocalization, and warm/moisten air?

A

Sinuses

58
Q

What is the bone that forms the forehead?

A

Frontal bone

‘F’rontal, ‘F’orehead

59
Q

Eye sockets

A

Orbits

60
Q

Horns are an extension of what bone?

A

Frontal

61
Q

What forms the roof and upper part of each side of skull?

A

Parietal bones

Parietal bones are in the periphery of the frontal bone. Think parietal = peripheral

62
Q

Back of head

A

Occipital

63
Q

Large opening in the back of the skull for the passage of the spinal cord from the skull into the spine

A

Foramen magnum

Kind of like your body’s power cord

64
Q

What bones form part of the cranial floor and the lower part of the sides of the skull?

A

Temporal bones

65
Q

Sphenoid

A

Bone at the base of the skull that supports parts of the orbit and forms the lateral walls of the skull

(Near top of cheekbone)

66
Q

Turbinates

A

Bones of the upper respiratory tract which are covered with highly vascular mucous membranes (forms the sinus cavities)

67
Q

Vertebrae of the neck

A

Cervical

68
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

A

Atlas (T before X, or atlas with the world-or in this case your head-on his shoulders)

69
Q

Second cervical vertebra

A

Axis (x comes after T)

70
Q

Vertebrae of the neck

A

Cervical

71
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae in cats and dogs?

A

7

72
Q

Vertebrae of the chest

A

Thoracic

73
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae do dogs and cats have?

A

13

74
Q

Vertebrae of the lower back

A

Lumbar

Lumbar sounds kind of like limbo. Or L for lower back and lumbar

75
Q

Sacrum

A

Bone resulting from the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae

76
Q

The series of flat bones that make up the sternum

A

Sternebrae

77
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs that attach directly to the sternum

78
Q

The most caudal sternebrae

A

Xiphoid process

79
Q

The bone resulting from the fusion of 3-5 vertebrae

A

Sacrum

80
Q

The vertebrae of the caudal or tail

A

Coccygeal

81
Q

What does the body of a vertebra do?

A

Bear weight

82
Q

What does the arch of a vertebra do?

A

House the spinal cord

83
Q

Cartilaginous shock absorbing cushions between the vertebrae

A

Intervertebral disks

Think of the horse heads from the IVDD pictures

84
Q

Costal cartilage

A

Attaches rib to sternum

85
Q

Ribs NOT attached to cartilage

A

Floating ribs

86
Q

Ungulate

A

A hooved animal

87
Q

Collarbone

A

Clavicle

88
Q

Is the radius medial or lateral?

A

Medial

(Don’t think of your own radius, bc it looks vastly different on hooved animals. The radius is medial, while the ulna is lateral)

89
Q

Name for elbone

A

Olecranon

90
Q

Knee joint

A

Stifle

91
Q

Hock

A

Ankle

92
Q

Processes on the femur for muscle attachment

A

Greater and lesser trochanters

93
Q

Bone that glides over the stifle joint

A

Patella

(Patella makes me think of pastry, bc the patella on drawings looks like a ball of dough over your stifle..idk I may just be hungry)

94
Q

Pelvis

A

An irregular bone that connects to the sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae. 3 bones fused together.

95
Q

Name the parts of the pelvis

A

Ilium with an ‘I’
Ischium
Pubis

96
Q

Longest bone in the body

A

Femur

97
Q

Hip socket

A

Acetabulum

(I thought about CHD and taking acetaminophen for your acetabulum. Not the greatest way to remember it though, because im pretty sure that’s toxic to dogs lol)

98
Q

Larger, more weight bearing bone of the leg.

A

Tibia

99
Q

Lateral bone that articulates with the proximal end of the tibia

A

Fibula

I tell a little FIB. To who? To U. FIB-U-la

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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