skeletal system Flashcards
epi-end physis (epiphysis)
- ends of the long bone
- composed mostly of spongy tissue
Spongy vs Compact bone
C-dense, smooth
S-small pieces of bone with holes throughout
Medullary cavity
- cavity of long bone shaft
- contains yellow marrow (fat in adults)
- contains red marrow (blood vessels in children)
Articular cartilage
- covers external surface of epiphysis
- made from hyaline cartilage
- decreases friction at joint surfaces
periosteum
- covers and protects diaphysis
- fibrous connective tissue membrane
- composed od osteoclasts and osteoblasts
osteoblast
bone forming cells- b for building
osteoclast
reabsorb and breakdown bone- c for collapse
Endoseum
delicate membrane covering internal surface of bone
short/flat/irregular bone
short- cube shaped
flat-thin, compact bone around spongy bone
irregular- irregular shape, vertabrae
Diaphysis
long bone shaft
composed of compact bone
Growth plate- epiphyseal line
lies between epiphysis and diaphysis, is a flat plate of hyaline cartilage- permits lengthwise growth of bone during childhood
-after puberty ossifies and becomes bone epiphyseal line
Growth and re-modelling of bone
- cartilage is repalced by bones through process call ossification
- this process is influenced by hormones as they effect activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
- remodelling allows bones to be strong where needed and heal after breaking
Synovial Joints
Ends of bones connected within a joint cavity. Freely moveable. Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity- synovial fluid lubricates the joint and nourishes the cartilage
cartilaginous joints
bones connect by hyaline cartilage, no joint cavity- has limited movement e.g back discs, pelvis
Fibrous joints
bones connected by fibrous connective tissue-no joint cavity, joint has very limited movement e.g. skull
how many bones in human body
206
Functions of skeleton
Proper Skeletons Make Bodies Stand
1- supports body
2- protects soft organs
3- storage, fat calcium phosphorous mineral stored in bone
4-movement cos joints and attachment
5-blood cell formation- RBC made in bone marrow
Hinge
Pivot
Single axis
Hinge- bending, straitening
Pivot- neck moving left to right
Condyloid
Shallow socket and end of bone e.g knuckle with metacarpal
2 planes of movement
Saddle
2 planes of motion
The thumb….. Carpal and metacarpal bone
Plane joint
In between carpal bones
Can do rotational movement but usually limited by ligaments
