Skeletal System Flashcards
Parts of the skeletal system
Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Ligaments
2 divisions of the skeleton
Axial, Appendicular
Functions of Bones
Support Body Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached Skeletal muscles Storage of minerals and fats Blood cell formation
Adult skeleton has how many bones?
206
2 basic types of bone tissue
Compact, Spongy
Another name for spongy bone
trabecular
5 different bone shapes
Long Short Irregular Flat Sesamoid
Classifications of Long bones
Typically longer then wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
contain mostly compact bone
Examples of long bones
Femur
Humerus
Classifications of Short bones
Generally cube-shaped
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples of short bone
Carpals
Tarsals
Classifications of Flat bones
thin and flattened
usually curved
thin layers of compact bone arond a layer of spongy bone
Examples of flat bone
Skull
Ribs
Sternum
Classifications of irregular bone
Irregular shapes
do not fit into other bone classifications
Examples of Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Hip
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Composed of compact bone
Epiphysis
Ends of the bone
Composed mostly of spongy bone
Proximal Epiphysis
closer to the body
Distal Epiphysis
farther from the center of the body
Periosteum
Outside covering of diaphysis
Fibrous connective tissue membrane
Sharpeys Fibers
Secures periosteum to underlying bone
Arteries
Supply bone cells with nutrients
Articular Cartilage
Covers external surface of epiphyses
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces
Medullary Cavity
Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow bone marrow in adults
Contains red bone marrow in infants
Osteon
A unit of bone
Central canal
Opening in the center of the osteon and the length of the bone
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating Canal
Canal perpendicular to the central canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves
Lacunae
Cavities containing osteocytes
Osteocytes
bone cells
Arranged in concentric rings
Lacunae
Lamellae
Rings around the central canal, Sites of lacunae
Osteoblast
build bone
Osteoclast
reabsorbs bone (chews)
Canaliculi
Tiny canals
Radiates from the central canal to lacunae
Form a transport system
When developing, the _____ beings the change from cartilage skeleton to bone
Runx2
Where does cartilage remain isolated as we age
Bridge of nose
Parts of ribs
Joints
What allows for growth of long bone during childhood
Epiphyseal plates
Epiphyseal Plates
New cartilage is continuously formed
Older cartilage becomes ossified
Bone growth
Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops, grows in width
Appositionally
Decrease in bone width
What is bone remodeling?
bone changes throughout lifetime and requires balance between creation and reabsorption
Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple)
Open (compound)
What is a closed fracture?
a break that does not penetrate the skin
What is an open fracture?
a break that penetrates through the skin
How are bone fractures treated?
Reduction and immobilization, realignment of the bone
What is a hematoma?
blood-filled swelling under the skin
Why is a hematoma important for broken bones?
important for healing, supplies vital nutrients from the blood
How does a bone fracture heal?
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus, which is replaced by bony callus then its remodeled to form a permanent patch
Types of joints
Functional
Structural
What do joints do
articulate bones
Function of joints
holds bone together
allows for mobility
Functional Classifications of Joints
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthrose
Synathrose joints
immovable joints
Amphiarthroses joints
slightly moveable joints
Diarthroses joints
freely movable joints
