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HLHS 101 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bones

A

Framework, protection, store calcium

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2
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Red forms blood cells, Yellow stores fat

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Creates smooth surface for motion within joints, protects ends of bones
Rubbery, white-blue
Makes up flexible parts of skeleton

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4
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers surfaces of bone where they come together to form joint

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5
Q

Meniscus

A

Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints i.e. Knee and TM joint

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8
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Crooked, bent, stiff

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9
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

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10
Q

Chondr/i, chondr/o

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

Cost/o

A

Rib

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12
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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13
Q

-desis

A

To bind or tie together

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14
Q

Kyph/o

A

Bent, hump

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15
Q

Lord/o

A

Curve, swayback, bent

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16
Q

-lysis

A

Loosening, setting free

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17
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

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18
Q

Oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o

A

Bone

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19
Q

Scoli/o

A

Curbed, bent

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20
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

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21
Q

Synovi/o, synov/o

A

Synovial membrane or fluid

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22
Q

-um

A

Singular noun ending

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23
Q

Ossification

A

Process of turning from cartilage to bone

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24
Q

OsteoCLASTS

A

Breakdown bone

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25
Q

OsteoBLASTS

A

Build bone

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26
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough, fibrous tissue forms outermost covering of bone

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27
Q

Compact bone (cortical bone)

A

Dense, hard, very strong bone forms protective outer layer of bones

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28
Q

Spongy bone (cancellous)

A

Lighter, not as strong
Holds red bone marrow
At ends and inner portions of long bones

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29
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity in the shaft of long bones, surrounded by compact bone
Stores red and yellow marrow

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30
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of long bone

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31
Q

Epiphyses (plural)

A

Wider ends of long bones covered with articular cartilage

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32
Q

Foramen

A

Opening in a bone where blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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33
Q

Process

A

Normal projection on surface of a bone that commonly serves as attachment for muscle or tendon

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34
Q

Endosteum

A

Tissue lining medullary cavity

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35
Q

Fibrous joints (sutures in adults)

A

Inflexible, unmovable layers of dense connective tissue holds the bones tightly together

Fontanelles (soft spots) in kids

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36
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Allow slight movement, consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage i.e. Ribs

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37
Q

Pubis symphysis

A

Allows some movement during childbirth

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38
Q

Synovial joints

A

Where two bones articulate to permit variety of motions
I.e. Ball and socket - hips, shoulders
I.e. Hinge - knees, elbows

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39
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Outermost layer or strong fibrous tissue resembling a sleeve

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40
Q

Hemopoietic (hematopoietic)

A

Pertaining to formation of blood cells

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44
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Protects major organs of nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems

Bones of skull, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid bone, rib chase and vertebral column

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45
Q

Appendicular (appendage) skeleton

A

Makes body movement possible, protects digestive, excretion, and reproduction organs

Upper and lower extremities

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46
Q

Frontal bone

A

Anterior portion of cranium forming forehead, houses sinuses, forms ethmoid sinuses, nose and eye sockets

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47
Q

Parietal bones

A

Form most of roof and sides of cranium

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48
Q

Occipital bone

A

Back of skull and base of cranium

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49
Q

Temporal bone

A

Sides and base of cranium

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50
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Opening of external auditory canal, within temporal bone on each side

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51
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Irregular, wedge-shaped bone at base of skull, makes contact with all other cranial bones, helps form base of cranium, sides of skull, floors and sides of eye sockets

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52
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Cheekbones, articulate with frontal bone

53
Q

Maxillary bone

A

Most of upper jaw

54
Q

Palatine bones

A

Anterior part of hard palate and floor of nose

55
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

Make up part of the orbit at the inner angle

56
Q

Inferior conchae

A

Thin, scroll like bones form part of interior nose

57
Q

Vomer bone

A

Base for the nasal septum

58
Q

Mandible

A

Jawbone, only moveable bone of the skull, attached to TMJ

59
Q

Manubrium

A

Bony structure forming middle portion of sternum

60
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Structure made of cartilage that forms lower portion of sternum

61
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Shoulders, support arms and hands

62
Q

Clavicle

A

Collar bone, slender bone connects manubrium of sternum to the scapula

63
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

64
Q

Acre ion

A

Extension of scapula forms high point of shoulder

65
Q

Humerus

A

Bone of upper arm

66
Q

Radius

A

Smaller and shorter bone in forearm, runs up thumb side

67
Q

Ulna

A

Larger, longer bone of the forearm, proximal end articulates distal end of humerus to form elbow

68
Q

Olecranon process

A

Funny bone, large projection on upper end of ulna, forms point of elbow

69
Q

Carpals

A

Form wrist, make narrow bony passage

70
Q

Metacarpals

A

5 bones of palm

71
Q

Phalanges

A

14 finger bones and toes

72
Q

Lamina

A

Posterior portion of a vertebrae

73
Q

Sacrum

A

Slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near base of spine forming lower portion of the back

74
Q

Coccyx

A

Tailbone, end of spine

75
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Pelvis and hips, protects internal organs and supports lower extremities

76
Q

Ilium

A

Broad blade-shaped bone forming back and sides of pubic bone

77
Q

Sacroiliac

A

Slightly moveable articulation between sacrum and posterior portion of ilium

78
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior portion of pubic bone

79
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Cartilaginous joint unites left and right pubic bones

80
Q

Acetabulum

A

Hip socket, larger circular cavity

81
Q

Popliteal

A

Posterior space behind the knee where ligaments, vessels and muscles related to this joint

82
Q

Cruciate ligaments

A

Make movements of knee possible, shaped like a cross

83
Q

Tibia

A

Shinbone, larger weight bearing

84
Q

Fibula

A

Smaller of 2 bones in lower leg

85
Q

Malleolus

A

Rounded bony projection on tibia and fibula

86
Q

Chiropractor

A

Specializes in manipulative treatment of disorders from misalignment of the spine

87
Q

Orthopedic surgeon

A

Physician specializing in diagnosing and treating disorders invoking bones, joints and muscles

88
Q

Osteopath

A

Uses traditional medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems from spinal manipulation

114
Q

Joints

A

Work with muscles to provide movement

120
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Forms lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid

121
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible

123
Q

Bursa

A

Cushions areas subject to frictions during movement

125
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bones together

126
Q

Ankylosis

A

Loss or absence of mobility in a joint bc of disease, injury or surgical procedure

127
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Bunion, abnormal enlargement of joint at base of great toe

128
Q

Hemarthrosis

A

Blood within a Joint

129
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Geriatric inflammatory disorder of muscles and joints, pain and stiffness

130
Q

Sprain

A

When a ligament connecting bone to a joint is torn

131
Q

Dislocation

A

Luxation, totally displacement of a bone from its joint

132
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of bone from its joint

133
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Wear and tear, associated with aging, degenerative joint disease

134
Q

Spondylosis

A

Spinal osteoarthritis, cause loss of normal spinal structure and function

135
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Form of RA, primarily causing inflammation of joints between vertebrae

136
Q

Herniated disk

A

Slipped/ruptured disc, breaking a part of intervertebral disk

137
Q

Lumbago

A

Low back pain, pain in region of spine

138
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward slipping movement of body or 1 of lower lumbar vertabreae

139
Q

Fibrous dysplacia

A

Bone disorder with no known cause, envelope growth, brittleness and deformity

140
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone and marrow adjacent to bone

141
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Bone diseas with no known cause,

142
Q

Periostitis

A

Inflamed periosteum

143
Q

Talipes

A

Clubfloot, any cogenital deformity invoking talus

144
Q

Primary bone cancer

A

Rare, malignant

145
Q

Secondary bone cancer

A

Tumor metastasized to bones from other organs

146
Q

Myeloma

A

Cancer occurring in blood making cells in red marrow

147
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign bony projection covered with cartilage

148
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity

149
Q

Osteopenia

A

Thinner than average bone density

150
Q

Compression fracture

A

Vertebral crush fracture, bone is pressed together on itself

151
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

Fractured wrist

152
Q

Osteoporotic hip fracture

A

Broken hip

153
Q

Crepitation

A

Gearing sound heard when ends of broken bone move together

154
Q

Callus

A

Bulging deposit around area OD break

HLHS 101 (3 decks)

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