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Physical Education > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the word ‘movement’

A

Muscules are attached to your skeleton, they contract and become shorter, when this happens they pull on the bone to make it move.

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2
Q

Ligaments attach ??? To ???

A

Ligament attach bone to bone

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3
Q

Tendons attach ??? to ???

A

Tendons attach muscule to bone

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4
Q

Describe the word ‘support’

A

You skeleton forms a framework to support you body and make it strong

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5
Q

Describe the word ‘protection’

A

Your skeleton protects you pr vital organs such as your ribs and cranium

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6
Q

Define ‘joint’

A

A part of the body where two or more bones meet

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7
Q

Define ‘cartilage’

A

A shock absorber, tough flexible tissue at the end of a bone

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8
Q

What does ‘synovial fluid’ do?

A

It lubricates the joint

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9
Q

What is synovial membrane?

A

Its where synovial fluid is produced

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10
Q

What is a ‘synovial capsual’ ?

A

Is fibre surrounding the joint, holding the fluid in place

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11
Q

What is Abduction of a bone?

A

When it moves away from the mid-line of the body

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12
Q

What is Adduction of a bone?

A

Moves towards the mid-line

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13
Q

How many bones does your body consist of?

A

206

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14
Q

What 5 things do joints allow?

A 
Flexion, 
Extention, 
Abduction, 
Adduction, 
Rotation
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15
Q

Give an example of a hinge joint

A

Knee and Elbow

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16
Q

What two joints can adduct and abduct?

A

Hip and Shoulder

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17
Q

Give two roational joints

A

Neck amd Shoulder

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18
Q

Define Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between bone that makes up the joint

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19
Q

Define Extention

A

Increasing the angle between bones that makes up a joint

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20
Q

Define Rotation

A

The movement around its own axis

21
Q

What 2 things happen to your bones with age?

A

They become lighter

Their density and strength decrease

22
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Too much bone lost which makes a weak skeleton therefore bones break easily

23
Q

What can prevent osteoporosis?

A

Weight bearing excerise

24
Q

What is a compound fracture?

A

When the bone protudes through skin, this happens when essecive impact is put on the bone. Pain, inability to move, tender, and deformity.

25
Q

What is a simpe fracture?

A

Take place in one line therefore no displacement of the bone. Pain, inablity to move, tender, and deformity.

26
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

Only part of the bone is broken. When struct with an object. Pain, inablity to move, tender, and deformity.

27
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

Small cracks forms across bone. Unable to absorb shock, unfamiliar surface, poor quality shoes. Pain, inablity to move, tender, and deformity.

28
Q

What is the symptom of Tennis elbow

A

Tennis Symptom- pain on the outside of the elbow

29
Q

Describe a dislocation

A

When the joint is moved outside its designed range.

Deformity and swelling of the joint. Extreme pain.

The joint is locked into position.

30
Q

Describe a Sprain

A

Joint twisted suddenly. Tearing of the ligaments.

Swelling and pain at the joint.

The foot has been inverted or turned inwards.

31
Q

Describe a Torn Cartilage

A

By exsessive twisting of the joint. When player changes direction at speed.

Inside of the joint will be painful.

The joint is usally bent.

32
Q

Describe a strain

A

Twist or wrench of the muscle.

Pain in the muscle.

No visable signs. Unable to move the muscle.

33
Q

What does R.I.C.E. Stand for?

A

R- rest the injured part

I- ice applied to reduce swelling

C- compression bandage for support

E- elavation to restrict blood flow

34
Q

Define bone density

A

A measurement of mineral content of the bone.

35
Q

What vitamins and minerals can improve bone density?

A
  1. Calcium- found in milk and green veg e.g. Broccoli
  2. Vitamin D- found in eggs and oily fish.

(Vitamin D helps the body absorb Calcium)

36
Q

Define:

  1. Muscle System
  2. Muscle Definition
  3. Muscle Work
A
  1. Describes all muscles in body and how they work
  2. Body shape and maintain posture
  3. Voluntairy or involuntarily
37
Q

Describe Voluntary Muscles

A

Also known as skeletal or striated muscles.
These are most common muscles.
Muscles attach to bone and provide shape.
Muscles PULL to provide movement.
These are on our conscious control.

38
Q

Describe Involuntary Muscles

A

Also known as smooth muscles.
They arn’t controlled consciously.
Carey on functioning throughout life.

39
Q

Describe Cardic Muscles

A

This is only found in the heart.
It is not under our conscious control.
Never rests or tires during life.

40
Q

What is antogonistic pairs?

A

Its a pair of muscles like, Bicep and Tricep.

When one muscle contacts and pulls and other relaxs and lenthens.

41
Q
  1. What is the Origin?

2. What is the Insertion?

A
  1. The tendon at the non-moving end. (Joint end)

2. The tendon at the moving end.

42
Q

What is Lactic Acid?

A

Its a poison is the extra waste which is produced when excercise increases the bodies demand for oxygen.

It makes muscles ache and cramp.

The more excercise you do the better you can cope with it.

43
Q

What are the long term effects of excercise?

A

Grow in strength and size.

Leads to better posture, stringer tendons and ligaments which lower the chance of injury.

44
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

When muscles increase in size

45
Q

Define Atrophy

A

When muscle decrease in size

46
Q

What is a Isometric contraction?

A

A muscles contraction with no movement.

Used for stability and holding the body steady.

47
Q

What is a Isotonic contraction?

A

A muscular contraction that results in movement.

48
Q

What is the symptom for Golfers elbow?

A

Pain on the inside of the elbow

49
Q

What is Tennis/Golfers elbow usually caused by?

A

Overuse to the tendons at the elbow
Using wrong size equipment
Overuse

Physical Education (2 decks)

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