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MAP > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

name the six functions of the skeletal system

A

SupportProtectionMovement FacilitationMineral StorageStorage of EnergyHematopoiesis (Hemopoieses)

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2
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell

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3
Q

osteoblast

A

build bone

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4
Q

osteoclast

A

breaks down bone

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5
Q

Where does intramembranous bone growth occur?

A

in the bones of the skull

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6
Q

Where does endochondral bone growth occur?

A

in most skeletal bones and epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of long bones

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7
Q

ossification

A

process by which bones form in the body by replacing pre-existing connective tissue with bone; occurs during bone growth

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8
Q

periosteum

A

dense, white fibrous coating surrounding the surface of the bone

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9
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft or long, main, portion of the long bone

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10
Q

epiphysis

A

expanded ends of the long bone

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11
Q

medullary cavity

A

the space or hollow chamber with the diaphysis

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12
Q

red marrow

A

blood cell forming tissue located within the spaces or spongy bone of long bones

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13
Q

yellow marrow

A

fat storing tissue found in the medullary cavities of long bones

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14
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis to reduce friction during articulation (movement of joint)

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15
Q

endosteum

A

thin layer of squamous cells which line the medullary cavity

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16
Q

contains small amounts of space between the solid components of bone (type of bone)

A

compact bone

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17
Q

has a concentric ring pattern (type of bone)

A

compact bone

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18
Q

composed of irregular networks of thin plates of bone with many intercellular spaces called trabeculae (type of bone)

A

spongy bone

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19
Q

provides the strength of the bone

A

compact bone

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20
Q

the entire network is called on Osteon (Haversian System). it contains a central canal with its surrounding lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi

A

compact bone

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21
Q

helps to reduce the weight, while reducing shock associated with movement

A

spongy bone

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22
Q

blood vessels and nerves run the length of the bone and are contained in the Osteonic (Haversian Canals) which are located in the concentric ring structure of ______ bone

A

compact

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23
Q

name the four shapes of bones

A

longshortflatirregular

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24
Q

name five long bones

A

humerous, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals

25
Q

name the irregular bones

A

facial bones, vertebrae

26
Q

three examples of flat bones

A

cranial bones, sternum, ribs and scapulae

27
Q

examples of short bones (cube-shaped)

A

some of the carpals (wrist) and tarsals (ankle)

28
Q

an opening or hole through a bone that acts as a passageway for nerves and blood vessels

A

foramenex. mental foramen on the chin, infraorbital foramen on the maxillae

29
Q

tube-like passage within a bone

A

meatusex. external auditory meatus which conducts sounde waves through the temporal bone

30
Q

a space within a bone lined with mucus membrane to reduce weight of bone

A

sinusex. frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, sinuses

31
Q

fairly deep pit or depression

A

fossaex. olecranon fossa of the humerus, mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

32
Q

large rounded prominence which articulates with another bone

A

condyleex. occipital condyles where the skull meets the cervical vertebrae, medial and lateral condyles of the femur which articulate with the tibia

33
Q

an elevated, rounded, (knob-like) usually roughened area on a bone used for muscle attachment

A

tuberosityex. tibial tuberosity for the attachment of the quadriceps tendon, radial tuberosity for the attachment of the biceps

34
Q

very large, blunt process used for muscle attachment

A

trochanterex. only found on the femur – the greater and lesser trochanters

35
Q

small rounded process used for muscle attachment

A

tubercleex. greater and lesser tubercles of the humerous

36
Q

any projection from the surface of the bone used in muscle attachment

A

process

37
Q

immovable joint found only between skull bones

A

sutures “seam or stitch”

38
Q

soft spots of a baby’s skull or membrane-filled spaces between cranial bones

A

fontanels

39
Q

of cervical vertebrae

A

7

40
Q

of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

41
Q

of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

42
Q

of sacral vertebrae

A

5

43
Q

of coccygeal (coccyx) vertebrae

A

4

44
Q

type of arthritis caused by the destruction of cartilage from the joints

A

osteoarthritis

45
Q

loss of bone mass and bone density which leads to porous bones making them more susceptible to fracture

A

osteoporosis

46
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine resulting in a S-shaped appearance

A

scoliosis

47
Q

occurs when the posterior part of the vertebrae fails to form properly and does not enclose the spinal cord

A

spina bifida

48
Q

tear of a ligament

A

sprain

49
Q

caused by the stress on bones placed upon them by trauma or disease conditions

A

fractures

50
Q

occurs when the nucleus pulpous spills out in the spinal canal and presses on the spinal nerves in that region

A

herniated, ruptured, slipped, or bulging disk

51
Q

attach bone to bone

A

ligaments

52
Q

attach muscle to bone

A

tendons

53
Q

mandible (1)

A

lower jaw bone; only moveable bone in the skull

54
Q

maxilla (1)

A

9upper jaw bone

55
Q

zygomatic (2)

A

cheek bones

56
Q

frontal (1)

A

forms the forehead (anterior part of the cranium), the roofs of the orbits (eye sockets), and most of the anterior part of the cranial floor

57
Q

parietal (2)

A

form the greater portion of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

58
Q

occipital

A

forms posterior part of the base of the cranium

59
Q

bone situated in the middle part of the base of the skull

A

sphenoid

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