Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the Bone

Answer 1

Support - most basic of functions
Protection - Protects vital organs by either completely or partially surrounding
Leverage - attachment of tendons to bones to move joints
Storage - Storage site for minerals (calcium)
Blood cell formation - Hematopoiesis

Question 2

Two types of Bone Structure

Answer 2

Cancellous & Compact

Question 3

Cancellous

Answer 3

Light and spongy
Consists of spicules
Contains the bone marrow

Question 4

Compact

Answer 4

Heavy and dense

Makes up the shaft of long bones and the outside layer of all bones

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

Membrane that covers outer surfaces of bones
outer layer is composed of fibrous tissue
inner layer contains osteoblasts
Not present on articular surfaces

Question 6

Haversian Systems

Answer 6

Concentric layers of ossified bone matrix arranged around a central canal.
Runs lengthwise.
Contains blood & lymph vessels and nerves that supply the osteocytes.

Question 7

Endosteum

Answer 7

Lines the hollow aspect of the interior bone surfaces.

Also contains osteoblasts.

Question 8

Bone cells

Answer 8

Osteoblats, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

Question 9

Osteoblasts

Answer 9

cells that form bone. They secrete the matrix of bone and then supply the minerals necessary to harden it.

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

What osteoblasts become once they are trapped in the ossified matrix they have created.

Question 11

Osteoclasts

Answer 11

Instead of forming bone, these “evil twins” of osteoblasts eat away at it.

They remove bone where it is not needed.

Question 12

Volkmann’s canals

Answer 12

Tiny channels in the bone matrix.

canals come in at right angles to the long axis of the bone and at right angles to the Haversian canals.

Question 13

Nutrient foramina

Answer 13

Large blood vessels, along with lymph vessels and nervers also enter many large bones - especially long bones - through large channels.