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Path IV Quiz 4 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Condition with defective connective tissue due to a deficiency of normal Type I collagen which forms bone matrix

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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2
Q

Condition with idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of femoral head leads to interruption of blood supply

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes syndrome

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3
Q

In toddlers with Rickets, this type of deformity is seen

A

genu varum (bowed legs)

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4
Q

In older children with Rickets, this type of deformity is seen

A

Genu valgum (knock knees)

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5
Q

Underlying processes for osteoporosis

A

malabsorption, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

Type of spinal curvature associated with osteoporosis

A

kyphosis

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7
Q

Characterized by high bone turnover with accelerated osteoclast and osteoblast activity

A

Paget’s

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8
Q

Osteopetrosis presents at what age?

A

birth

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9
Q

Paget’s disease most commonly presents at what age?

A

4th decade of life

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10
Q

Three route of osteomyelitis

A

1) hematogenous spread
2) direct implantation (surgery)
3) spread from contiguous soft tissues

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11
Q

Solitary bone cysts occur mostly in what type/location of bone?

A

distal ends of long bones

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12
Q

Histologic hallmark is mosaic pattern of lamellar bone

A

Paget’s

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13
Q

Most common Sx of bone cysts

A

pain and swelling

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14
Q

a) bones harden/more dense
b) bones soften
c) bones less dense/brittle
d) infx of bone or marrow
e) benign bone tumor

A

a) Osteopetrosis
b) Osteomalacia
c) Osteoporosis
d) Osteomyelitis
e) Osteoid osteoma

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15
Q

Features of solitary bone cyst seen on XR

A

Symmetrical, fluid filled, larger bone diam, thin cortex near epiphysis

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16
Q

Treatment for solitary bone cyst

A

curettage and insertion of bone chips

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17
Q

Aneurysmal bone cysts occur MC in what location/type of bone?

A

Metaphysis of long bones and in vertebrae

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18
Q

Gross pathology of aneurysmal bone cyst? XR?

A

Honeycombed, distortion of bone, less symmetry

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19
Q

Multiple lesions of _______ are seen in patients with Gardner syndrome

A

osteoid osteoma

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20
Q

Appearance on XR of osteoid osteoma

A

small, well circumscribed lesion (round or oval) located in or near the cortex and surrounded by densely sclerotic bone.

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21
Q

Histo appearance of osteoid osteoma

A

narrow trabeculae of osteoid or newly formed bone in richly vascularized parenchyma, surrounded by wide trabeculae and sclerotic bone

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22
Q

What is the primary malignant tumor of bone (exclusive of myelomas and lymphomas)?
It primarily affects what age group?

A

osteosarcoma

75% of pts younger than 20 yo

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23
Q

In elderly patients, osteosarcoma is most common in those with ______ (condition)

A

Paget’s

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24
Q

Osteosarcomas are
___% lytic
___% sclerotic
___% mixed

A

25, 35, 40

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25
Q

Characterized by sheets of spindle cells

A

Fibrosarcoma

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26
Q

Giant cell tumor causes cortical erosion and thinning, which expands bone contours (with/without) a border of new bone formation and sclerosis?

A

without

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27
Q

Histo of GCT

A

oval tumor cells and large multinucleated tumor (giant) cells

28
Q

uniform, densely packed, cells with a single, round or oval nucleus, indistinct cellular
borders. resemble lymphocytes

A

Ewing sarcoma

29
Q

XR of Ewing sarcoma shows

A

moth eaten lesion

30
Q

In multiple myeloma, monoclonal overgrowth of plasma cells produces ____

A

monoclonal immunoglobulin or paraprotein

31
Q

Common Sx of multiple myeloma

A

back pain, fractures

32
Q

In adults 75% of skeletal metastasis originate from CA of _____(4)

A

prostate, breast, kidney, lung

33
Q

In children, boney metastasis MC originate from

A

neuroblastoma, Wilm’s tumor, or bone tumor such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma

34
Q

Condition associated with rachitic rosary (beading of ribs)

A

Rickets

35
Q

Rickets can be caused by deficiencies in ___ and ___

A

Vit D, calcium

36
Q

Common sites of fracture related to osteoporosis

A

hip, spine, wrist

37
Q

Causes of primary osteoporosis

A

advanced age, menopause

38
Q

Causes of secondary osteoporosis

A

other medical conditions, meds, malabsorption, immobilization

39
Q

End result is increased calcification of bone esp in skull, pelvis, tibia, femur

A

Paget’s

40
Q

In Paget’s, labs may show increased ____

A

Alk phos

41
Q

Bone that is mechanically weak, haphazard organization of collagen fibers

A

woven bone aka mosaic pattern

42
Q

Most fractures due to osteoporosis occur in this location

A

vertebrae

43
Q

Possible sequelae of Paget’s

A

malignant neoplasms, such as osteosarcoma

44
Q

Imaging of Paget’s shows _______.

A

Cotton ball appearance (sclerotic and lucent areas), widened bone with coarse trabecular markings. may fracture straight line across

45
Q

Most cases of Paget’s involve single or multiple bones?

A

multiple - 85%

single - 15%

46
Q

Osteomyelitis usu affects ___ bones in children and ___ in adults.

A

Long bones

vertebrae and pelvis

47
Q

Organism MC present with osteomyelitis overall?

A

overall Staph aureus

48
Q

MC organisms present with osteomyelitis in infants?

A

Staph aureus, Group B strep, E coli

49
Q

MC organisms present with osteomyelitis in children?

A

Staph aureus, Strep pyogenes, H flu

50
Q

MC etiology of osteomyelitis in adults?

A

injury exposing bone to local infx

51
Q

Preferred method to Dx osteomyelitis?

A

bone biopsy

52
Q

renal osteodystrophy

A

bone changes in chronic renal dz (osteoclastic bone resorption, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis)

53
Q

In chronic renal failure, there is interrelationship between what 3 aspects of illness?

A

inadequate kidney function, hyperparathyroidism, altered vit D metab.

54
Q

What is the gender and age group associated with solitary bone cysts? aneurysmal bone cysts?

A

solitary - male 1st and 2nd decades

aneurysmal - female 2nd and 3rd decades

55
Q

Gross examination of osteoid osteoma

A

area of gritty, cherry red tissue surrounded by dense sclerotic bone usu in cortical area

56
Q

MC site for lesion of osteosarcoma? What other condition affects same location?

A

distal femur or knee

fibrosarcoma affects distal femur and/or proximal tibia

57
Q

Features of XR of osteosarcoma

A

bone destruction alongside abnormal new bone growth combination of radio-lucent and radio-opaque

58
Q

Can metastasize as “skip” lesions

A

osteosarcoma

59
Q

Histo of osteosarcoma

A

atypical cells w large nuclei and scant cytoplasm. osteoid formation

60
Q

Fibrosarcoma tumors produce ______ but not ________.

A

collagen matrix

but not osteoid or chondroid

61
Q

Histo of fibrosarcoma

A

sheets of spindle shaped cells

62
Q

XR finding of giant call tumor

A

well defined destructive radiolucent lesion with nonsclerotic border. oval shaped and centered in epiphysis. enlarging lytic mass

63
Q

Ewing sarcoma affects mainly what age group?

A

10-20 yo (avg 13-14)

64
Q

MC presenting symptoms of Ewing sarcoma

A

bone pain, swelling, tenderness, heat, slight fever, elev ESR (non-diagnostic)

65
Q

Multiple myeloma is characterized by _____ lesions on XR

A

lytic

Path IV Quiz 4 (3 decks)

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