Skeletal System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Protects organs, provides a framework for movement, stores minerals, produces blood cells
How many bones make up the axial skeleton?
80 bones
What comprises the appendicular skeleton?
126 bones that make up the limbs
What are the four types of bone shapes?
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
What defines long bones?
Longer than wide, carry most of the load of daily activities, crucial for skeletal mobility
Give examples of long bones.
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
What is the diaphysis of a long bone?
Main shaft composed of compact bone
What is the periosteum?
Membrane of living cells in diaphysis that allows tendon and muscle attachment
What does the medullary cavity contain?
Bone marrow
What are the functions of bone marrow?
- Stores fat
- Produces blood cells
- Plays a part in the immune system
What is the epiphysis?
Part composed of cancellous bone and articular cartilage
What characterizes short bones?
Approximately about as wide as long, provide support and stability at joints
Give examples of short bones.
- Carpal bones
- Tarsal bones
What is the function of flat bones?
Protect vital tissues and provide a surface for muscle attachments
What defines irregular bones?
Bones that cannot be grouped like other types due to peculiar form
What is the role of sesamoid bones?
Protect tendons and increase their mechanical effect
What are the two types of bone tissue?
- Compact bone
- Cancellous (spongy) bone
What are the characteristics of compact bone?
- Supports the body
- Protects organs
- Provides levers for movement
- Stores and releases calcium
Where is cancellous bone typically found?
At the ends of long bones, proximal to joints, and within vertebrae
What connects bones to other bones?
Ligaments
What is a joint?
Location where two or more bones make contact, allowing movement and support
What is the function of cartilage in joints?
Cushions bones to prevent direct contact
What attaches muscles to bones?
Tendons
What are the sections of the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Spine (vertebral column)
- Ribcage
