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Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Endosteum

A

Lining the inside of the bone adjacent to the medullary cavity is a layer of bone cells that cause the bone to grow, repair, and remodel throughout life.

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2
Q

Periosteum

A

Part of the outer double layered structure on the outside of bones that grow, repair and remodel bone as well.

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3
Q

Osteoblasts

A

cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate the mineralization of the skeleton.

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4
Q

Osteocytes

A

The longest living bone cell, making up 90–95% of cells in bone tissue

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5
Q

Osteoclasts

A

The cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and mediate bone loss in pathologic conditions by increasing their resorptive activity.

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6
Q

Diaphysis

A

is the hollow, tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.

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7
Q

Epiphysis

A

The area of the long bone where bone growth takes place.

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8
Q

How many bones does the adult human body have?

A

The adult human body has 206 bones in a variety of shapes and sizes

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9
Q

What are the 5 types of bones?

A
  1. Long bones
  2. Short bones
  3. Flat bones
  4. Irregular bones
  5. Sesamoid bones
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10
Q

Classification of the flat bone

A

Frontal

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11
Q

Classification of the sutural bone

A

Back of the skull

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12
Q

Classification of the short bone

A

Carpals

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13
Q

Classification of the irregular bone

A

Vertebra

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14
Q

Classification of the sesamoid bone

A

Patella (knee cap)

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15
Q

Classification of the long bone

A

Femur

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16
Q

What are the types of bone tissues?

A
  • Compact bone (cortical bone)
  • Cancellous bone (spongy bone)
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17
Q

Describe the compact bone tissue

A
  • organized according to structural units called Haversian systems or osteons
  • dense
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18
Q

What are the 3 types of cells in bone?

A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoclasts
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19
Q

Osteoblasts

A

undergo mitosis and secrete a substance that acts as the framework for bone

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20
Q

Osteocytes

A

are mature osteoblasts that cannot divide by mitosis. Osteocytes reside in lacunae.

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21
Q

Osteoclasts

A

are capable of demineralizing bone. they free up calcium from bone.

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22
Q

Suture

A

fibrous joint that holds the bones of the skull together

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23
Q

Tubercle

A

a rounded bump which serve as sites for muscle and ligament attachments

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24
Q

Tuberosity

A

a rounded bump that has a more gradual slope

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25
Styloid Process
a pointy process.
26
Trochanter
a very large bump found on the femur bones
27
Condyle
a large rounded process
28
Foramen
a hole in bones for arteries, veins and nerves
29
Sinus
a hollow cavity within a bone
30
The 8 bones of the cranium include:
1. Frontal 2. Occipital 3. Right and left Parietals 4. Right and left Temporals 5. Sphenoid 6. Ethmoid
31
Sagittal suture
connects the parietal bones at the top of the skull. It lies in the sagittal plane.
32
Coronal suture
connects both parietal bones to the frontal bone on the top of the skull. It lies in a coronal plane.
33
Lambdoid suture
connects the occipital bone to the posterior portions of the parietal bones.
34
Squamosus suture
connects the parietal bones to the temporal bones.
35
Supraorbital margin
thickened process above the orbits that helps to protect the eye.
36
Suprorbital foramen
passageway for blood vessels supplying the frontal sinus, eyebrow, and eyelid.
37
parietal bones
paired bones that form the lateral margins of the cranium.
38
occipital bone
located in the posterior region of the skull.
39
foramen magnum
passageway for the spinal cord
40
styloid process
pointed process that attaches to ligaments that support the hyoid bone
41
external auditory canal
tubelike structure that houses structures for the external and middle ear.
42
sphenoid bone
forms part of the inferior portion of the cranium.
43
Lordosis
spinal curve with the convexity of the curve anterior
44
Kyphosis
spinal curve with the concavity of the curve anterior
45
Hyperlordosis
increased lordotic curve
46
Hyperkyphosis
increased kyphotic curve
47
how many vertebrae does the cervical spine consist of?
7 vertebrae
48
how many vertebrae does the thoracic spine consist of?
12 vertebrae that articulare with ribs
49
how many vertebrae does the lumbar spine have?
5 large vertebrae
50
what are the only s-shaped bones in the body?
clavicles
51
a triangular bone located in the posterior portion of the thoracic area
scapula
52
glenoid cavity
forms the “socket” of the ball and socket joint of the shoulder.
53
Humerus
proximal bone of the arm
54
ulna and radius
both support the forearm
55
ulna is on the
medial side of the forearm
56
radius is also located
It articulates with the ulna and carpal bones
57
The 8 carpal bones:
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
58
where are the carpal bones located?
wrists
59
ankle and foot consist of the
tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
60
tarsals:
Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Lateral cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Medial cuneiform
61
62
Joints are called
articulations and can be classified according to the tissue that connects the bones
63
There are three basic categories of joints:
Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial
64
Fibrous joints are held together by
dense connective tissue
65
Examples of fibrous joints include
sutures in the skull, teeth, and ligaments between bones called interosseous ligaments.
66
Cartilagenous joints are bones united by
cartilage
67
Most of the joints in the body are
synovial joints
68
Synovial joints are
freely movable and encapsulated by a synovial membrane
69
Small sacs contain synovial fluid that helps to cushion the area around the joints and reduce friction are:
bursa
70
Ball and socket joints consist of a
rounded process and rounded socket ex. hip and shoulder
71
Hinge joints consist of a
convex surface and concave socket ex. joint between the humerus and ulna. only move in one plane.
72
Condyloid joints consist
oval processes fitting into elliptical sockets ex. metacarpal phalangeal joint
73
Gliding joints consist of
flattened surfaces connected together ex. carpal bones of the wrist
74
Pivot joints consist of a
cylinder fitting into a ring of bone ex. joint between the atlas and axis of the spine and the joint between the radius and humerus
75
Saddle joints consist of
two bones having both concave and convex surfaces. ex. carpal-metacarpal joint of the hand.
76
Flexion
which consists of the humerus moving anterior in a sagittal plane
77
Extension
consists of the humerus moving posterior in a sagittal plane
78
Abduction
is the movement of the humerus away from the body in a coronal plane
79
Adduction
is moving the humerus toward the body in a coronal plane
80
Internal rotation
is moving the humerus along its long axis toward the body
81
External rotation
is moving the humerus along its long axis away from the body
82
Inversion
is the movement of the foot so the sole of the foot points medially
83
Eversion
is the movement of the foot so the sole of the foot points laterally

HESI (3 decks)

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