skeletal system Flashcards
what are the 6 functions of the skeletal system
protection, shape, blood production, calcium storage, support, movement
what are the components of the skeletal system
bone, ligaments, tendons, cartilage
what do the ligaments connect
bone to bone
what do the tendons connect
muscle to bone
where is the cartilage found
joints & growing bones
what are the functions of the cartilage
- reduces friction
- firm and flexible (cushion effect)
function of yellow bone marrow
stores fat
function of red bone marrow
responsible for producing blood cells (hematopoiesis)
state the 5 bone shapes
- flat bones
- long bones
- sesamoid bones
- irregular bones
- short bones
describe flat bones and give examples on where they may be found
- relatively thin, flattened shape
- eg. bones of the skull and sternum
describe long bones and give examples on where they may be found
- longer than they are wide
- eg. upper and lower limb bones
describe sesamoid bones and give examples on where they may be found
- small and round, are found embedded in tendons
- eg. patella
describe irregular bones and give examples on where they may be found
- have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories
- eg. vertebrae and facial bones
describe short bones and give examples on where they may be found
- bones that are more or less equal in length, width and thickness
- eg. the bones of the wrist and ankle
components of a long bone
function of the endosteum and where is it found
what is the epiphyseal plate and where is it found
what is the medullary cavity and where is it found
what is the nutrient foramen and where is it found
what is an osteon
composition of the compact bone
proportion of the compact bone
3 functions of the compact bone
structure of the compact bone (4)
Lamellar: Mature compact bone islayeredor lamellar in structure.
Haversian Systems: An intricate network ofinterconnecting vascular canalscalledhaversian systemspermeates compact bone. These canals supply blood to osteocytes.
Osteons: The bone is organized into concentric layers around haversian canals, forming structural units known asosteons.
Immature Compact Bone: Initially, compact bone lacks osteons and exhibits awoven structure (less organized). Over time, it transforms into mature bone through a process of remodeling.
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