Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the two main components of the Skeletal Systems?
Bones, Cartilage
The Skeletal system can be divided into two different skeletons:
Adult Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
The axial Skeleton consists of: (3)
Skull
Neck, which consists of hyoid bone
Trunk, which consists of ribs
The appendicular system consists of: (4)
Bones
Ligaments/cartilage/tendons
Pelvic girdle (hip bones and sacrum)
Pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula)
Bone is a living, connective tissue and has the following functions: (5)
Support
Protection
Assistance in movement
Storage
Blood cell production
What are the two main types of bones, state the percentages of each that make up the skeleton
Compact- 80%
Spongy- 20%
Bones are classified in five types by their shape:
Long (e.g femur)
Short (e.g bones of the ankle)
Flat (e.g skull bones, sternum)
Irregular (e.g vertebra)
Sesamoid bones that develop in tendons (e.g patella)
What are bone markings?
Where tendons, ligaments and fascia attach to a bone
Passage of tendons to help with direction and improve its function
Where arteries lie adjacent to or enter bones
What are two main properties of Cartilage?
Avascular (lacks blood vessels)
Aneural (lacks nerve supply)
What are the three main functions of cartilage?
Resists compression
Reduces friction
Maintains bone shape
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline- most common, present in the articular surface of bones
Elastic- matrix contains large number of elastic fibres
Fibrocartilage- substantial amount of collagen fibres
What are the three main types of joints? (Structurally)
Fibrous- bones joined by dense connective tissue
Cartilaginous- hyaline or fibrous cartilage joins articulating bones
Synovial- unites articulating bones (articular cavity)
