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AnaPhy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the central axis of the body?

A

Axial skeleton

The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

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2
Q

How many facial bones are there in the human skull?

A

Thirteen

These bones are solidly connected, forming most of the face.

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3
Q

What is the only movable bone in the skull?

A

Mandible

The mandible forms a movable joint with the skull.

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4
Q

How many auditory ossicles are found in each middle ear?

A

Three

There are six auditory ossicles in total, three in each ear.

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5
Q

How many cranial bones are there in total?

A

Eight

The cranial bones include: 1 Frontal, 2 Parietal, 2 Temporal, 1 Occipital, 1 Sphenoid, 1 Ethmoid.

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6
Q

What bone forms the forehead and upper eye sockets?

A

Frontal bone

The frontal bone protects the frontal lobe of the brain.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ bones form the sides and roof of the cranium.

A

Parietal

There are two parietal bones that protect the brain’s top and sides.

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8
Q

What forms the back and base of the skull?

A

Occipital bone

The occipital bone contains the foramen magnum for the spinal cord to pass through.

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9
Q

Where are the temporal bones located?

A

Below the parietal bones on each side of the cranium

Temporal bones house the structures of the inner ear and protect the temporal lobe of the brain.

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10
Q

What are the features of the sphenoid bone?

A

Forms part of the cranium floor, lateral posterior eye orbits, and lateral cranium in front of temporal bones. Features: Sella turcica, optic foramen.

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11
Q

What is the shape and function of the sphenoid bone?

A

Bat-shaped, it forms part of the skull base and eye orbits. It connects with several other cranial bones.

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12
Q

What is the maxillae?

A

Upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits.

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13
Q

What is the significance of the maxillae?

A

The upper jaw bone that forms the foundation of the face.

Example: The maxillae support the structure of the face.

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14
Q

What do the palatine bones form?

A

Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity.

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15
Q

What is the shape of the palatine bones?

A

L-shaped bones located at the back of the nasal cavity.

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16
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid bone?

A

Forms the anterior cranium, medial eye orbit, and roof of the nasal cavity.

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17
Q

What are the features of the ethmoid bone?

A

Features: Nasal conchae, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid.

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18
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located?

A

Located between the eyes, it forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the eye orbits.

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19
Q

What is the role of the ethmoid bone?

A

It supports the structure of the nasal cavity.

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20
Q

What are zygomatic bones?

A

Cheek bones that also form the floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit.

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21
Q

Where are lacrimal bones located?

A

Medial surfaces of eye orbits.

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22
Q

What do nasal bones form?

A

Form bridge of nose.

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23
Q

What is the vomer?

A

In midline of nasal cavity, forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone.

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24
Q

What are inferior nasal conchae?

A

Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity.

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25
Q

What is the mandible?

A

Lower jawbone, the only movable skull bone.

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26
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled spaces located within certain skull bones, including the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxilla bones.

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27
Q

What is the function of paranasal sinuses?

A

They help to lighten the skull, produce mucus, and enhance voice resonance.

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28
Q

What is the hyoid bone?

A

An unpaired, U-shaped bone in the neck that does not attach to the skull or any other bone.

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29
Q

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

A

It is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone.

30
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

A

It supports tongue muscles and serves as an attachment point for neck muscles that raise the larynx.

31
Q

What is the coronal suture?

A

It connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones, running across the top of the skull from side to side.

32
Q

What is the sagittal suture?

A

It runs along the midline of the skull, connecting the two parietal bones.

33
Q

What is the lambdoid suture?

A

It connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone, located at the back of the skull.

34
Q

What is the squamous suture?

A

It joins the parietal and temporal bones on the side of the skull.

35
Q

What is the pterion?

A

A junction where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones meet, one of the weakest points of the skull.

36
Q

What is the lambda?

A

A point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures intersect, forming a Y-shaped junction at the back of the skull.

37
Q

What is the vertebral column?

A

The vertebral column (spine) is the central axis of the skeleton, running from the skull’s base to just beyond the pelvis.

38
Q

How many bones are in the vertebral column?

A

It consists of 26 bones, divided into five regions.

39
Q

What are the four major curvatures of the spine?

A

The spine has four major curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal.

40
Q

Which regions of the spine curve anteriorly?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions curve anteriorly (inward).

41
Q

Which regions of the spine curve posteriorly?

A

Thoracic and sacrococcygeal regions curve posteriorly (outward).

42
Q

What are the functions of the vertebral column?

A

Supports body weight, protects the spinal cord, allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord, provides attachment for muscles, and enables movement of the head and trunk.

43
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7 cervical vertebrae.

44
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae.

45
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5 lumbar vertebrae.

46
Q

How many sacrum and coccyx are there?

A

1 sacrum and 1 coccyx.

47
Q

What is the atlas?

A

Atlas: 1st vertebra, supports the head.

48
Q

What is the axis?

A

Axis: 2nd vertebra, allows head rotation.

49
Q

What are the characteristics of Cervical Vertebrae?

A

Small, with transverse foramina for blood vessels. Bifid (split) spinous process and flexible for head movement.

50
Q

What are the characteristics of Thoracic Vertebrae?

A

Larger, with facets for rib articulation. Spinous processes are long and angled downward.

51
Q

What are the characteristics of Lumbar Vertebrae?

A

Largest, with thick bodies for weight-bearing. Short, broad spinous processes for muscle attachment.

52
Q

What is the Sacrum?

A

A fused bone of five vertebrae, forming the back of the pelvis. Supports body weight and connects to the pelvic girdle.

53
Q

What is the Thoracic Cage?

A

Commonly called ‘rib cage’. Protects the heart and the lungs within the thorax. Contains 12 pairs of ribs.

54
Q

What is the sternum also known as?

A

The sternum is also known as the “breastbone”.

55
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A

The three parts of the sternum are the Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid Process.

56
Q

What are true ribs?

A

True ribs are attached to both the vertebrae and the sternum. Ribs 1-7 are considered true ribs.

57
Q

What are false ribs?

A

False ribs are attached to the vertebrae and the ribs above them. Ribs 8-12 are considered false ribs.

58
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Floating ribs are a subset of false ribs that do not attach at all to the sternum. They are attached to the vertebrae and the muscles in the abdominal wall, specifically Ribs 11-12.

59
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton consists of the Pectoral Girdle (4 bones), Upper Limb (60 bones), Pelvic Girdle (2 bones), and Lower Limb (60 bones).

60
Q

What is the function of the pectoral girdle?

A

The pectoral girdle provides attachment for muscles that move the upper arm and forearm and attaches the upper extremities to the axial skeleton.

61
Q

What is the scapula commonly known as?

A

The scapula is commonly known as the shoulder blade.

62
Q

Where is the scapula located in relation to the ribs?

A

The scapula is located at the 2nd to 7th rib and is approximately 5 cm from the vertebral column.

63
Q

What is the glenoid cavity?

A

The glenoid cavity is where the humerus attaches to form the shoulder joint.

64
Q

What are the coracoid process and acromion?

A

The coracoid process and acromion are muscle attachment sites, such as for the biceps brachi and deltoid.

65
Q

What is the clavicle also known as?

A

The clavicle is also known as the collarbone.

66
Q

What are the ends of the clavicle called?

A

The clavicle has a sternal (medial) end and an acromial (lateral) end.

67
Q

What does the conoid tubercle provide?

A

The conoid tubercle provides attachment for the conoid ligament.

68
Q

What does the costal tuberosity provide?

A

The costal tuberosity provides attachment for the costoclavicular ligament.

69
Q

Where does the sternal end of the clavicle attach?

A

The sternal end of the clavicle attaches to the manubrium of the sternum.

70
Q

Where does the acromial end of the clavicle attach?

A

The acromial end of the clavicle attaches to the acromion of the scapula.

AnaPhy (1 decks)

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