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Biology 102 LEC > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function: Provides framework for body

A

Support

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2
Q

protects the brain, eyes, and middle ears

A

Skull

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3
Q

protects spinal cord

A

Vertebrae

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4
Q

protect knee and elbow respectively

A

patella and ulna

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5
Q

protect wrist and ankle respectively

A

carpals and tarsals

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6
Q

formation of blood cellular components

A

Haemotopoiesis

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7
Q

location of blood cell production

A

red bone marrow

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8
Q

hormone which contributes to regulation of blood sugar

A

osteocalcin

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9
Q

mixture that comprosises of 70% of a bone

A

Chondroitin sulfate, hydoxyapatite

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10
Q

skeleton of soft bodied invertebrates

A

hydraulic skeleton

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11
Q

external to soft parts of the skeleton; rigid casings made of chitin

A

Exoskeleton

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12
Q

found in regions of the arthropod’s body

A

Exoskeleton

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13
Q

found deep within the body; found in vertebrates and echinoderms to which muscles are attached

A

Endoskeleton

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14
Q

Unspecialized cells derived from the mesenchyme

A

Osteoprogenator

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15
Q

the tissue from which all connective tissues are derived

A

mesenchyme

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16
Q

location of the osteoprogenator

A

inner portion of the periosteum, endosteum, and in canals

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17
Q

cells that form bone but have lost their ability to divide by mitosis

A

osteoblasts

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18
Q

secretes collagen and organic components needed to build bone

A

osteoblasts

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19
Q

principal tissues of bones; do not secrete matrix material; no mitotic potential

A

Osteocytes

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20
Q

location of osteocyte

A

surface of the bones

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21
Q

developed from circulating monocytes

A

osteoclasts

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22
Q

destruction of matrix

A

resorption

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23
Q

external layer of bones; bulk of diaphyses of long bones

A

compact bone

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24
Q

bone that has a concentric ring structure

A

compact bone

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25
Q

bone that has a lattice work structure

A

spongy bone

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26
Q

bone with spaces between trabeculae; usually filled with bone marrow

A

spongy bone

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27
Q

bones found in the hipbones, ribs, breastbones, backbones, skull, and ends of long bones

A

spongy bone

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28
Q

crystallized form of tricalcium phosphate

A

hydroxyapatite

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29
Q

how many percent of the total body weight of the body is the skeleton

A

14%

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30
Q

how many bones are there in adult

A

206

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31
Q

how many bones are there in child

A

300

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32
Q

the division of skeletal system consisting of skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

A

axial

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33
Q

division consisting of limb bones and girdles

A

appendicular

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34
Q

the division that Transmits the weight from the head, the trunk, and the upper extemities down to the lower extremities

A

axial

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35
Q

number of bones in the axial skeleton

A

80

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36
Q

number of bones in the skull

A

29

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37
Q

number of ossicles

A

3

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38
Q

number of pairs of bones in the rib cage

A

12

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39
Q

number of bones in the vertebral column

A

26

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40
Q

houses and protects the brain

A

Cranium

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41
Q

front part of skull above eyes; forehead and roof of eye sockets; developed as two parts and fused by age 5 and 6

A

Frontal

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42
Q

behind frontal bone; greater part of the right and left sides of the roof of skull

A

Parietal

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43
Q

sides of the base of skull; fan shaped; have depressions called glenoid fossa

A

Temporal

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44
Q

depressions in the temporal bone

A

Glenoid fossa

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45
Q

back part of the skull; joins with the parietal and temporal bones

A

Occipital

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46
Q

large hole in the inferior part of skull

A

Foramen Magnum

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47
Q

spongelike bones in the anterior part of cranial floor between orbits

A

Ethmoid bones

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48
Q

bones anterior to sphenoid and posterior to nasal

A

Ethmoid bones

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49
Q

depression which cradles the pituitary gland

A

Sella Turcica

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50
Q

called the keystone cranial floor; articulates with all the cranial bones; resembles bat with outstretched wings

A

Sphenoid Bones

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51
Q

THE PEST OF 6

A

Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal

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52
Q

the upper jaw

A

maxilla

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53
Q

the lower jaw

A

mandible

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54
Q

group of bones that are for facial muscle attachment and constitute the frame work of the face

A

Facial Bones

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55
Q

(2) bones that unite to form the upper jaw; form part of the floors of the orbits and lateral to walls and floor of nasal cavity

A

Nasal Bones

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56
Q

(2) bones that meet at hte middle and superior part of the face; major portion of nose

A

Nasal bones

57
Q

(2) L-shaped bones; form the posterior portion of the hard palate and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

Palatine bones

58
Q

smallest bone of the face and posterior and lateral to nasal bones; form part of median wall of each orbit

A

Lacrimal bones

59
Q

(2) bones that are called cheek bones, form prominences of the cheek and part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit

A

Zygomatic Bones

60
Q

called the lower jaw, and strongest bone of the face

A

Mandible bones

61
Q

holds lower teeth in place

A

Mandible bones

62
Q

the only movable skull bone

A

Mandible boness

63
Q

Unpaired (1) facial bone; forms inferior and posterior part of the nasal septum

A

Vomer bones

64
Q

(2) bones that promote turbulent circulation and filtiration of the air before it passes to the lungs

A

INferior nasal conchae bones

65
Q

bones that are suspended by the temportal bones by the muscles and ligaments

A

Hyoid bones

66
Q

located in the neck between mandible and larynx

A

Hyoid bones

67
Q

a bone that supports the tongue and provides attachment of for muscles of hte neck and pharynx

A

Hyoid Bones

68
Q

boneslocated in the middle ear

A

Ear ossicles

69
Q

pyramid shaped-space which contains eyeball;

A

orbits

70
Q

how many bones form around the orbit

A

7

71
Q

bones are joined together by these seams; immovable and permit a small amount of movement for mechincal protection for the brain by absorbing much of the force if the blow to the head occurs

A

Sutures

72
Q

Membrane-filled spaces found during birth

A

Fontanels

73
Q

Functions of a fontanel

A

enable skull to modify its size and shape; permits rapid growth of brain during infancy; helps physician gauge the degree of brain development

74
Q

Regions of the human vertebra

A

Cervical; Thoracic; Lumbar; Sacral; coccygeal

75
Q

triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral vertebrae; serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle

A

sacrum

76
Q

Entire chest

A

Thorax

77
Q

2 major parts of the thorax

A

Sternum and Ribs

78
Q

To where the respiratroy muscles are attached

A

The Thorax

79
Q

Bones from 1-6

A

True Ribs

80
Q

Bones from 7-10

A

False Ribs

81
Q

Bones from 7-11? (not sure)

A

Floating Ribs

82
Q

How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton

A

126

83
Q

Why is there a great motion in the appendicular skeleleton

A

the bones are unfused

84
Q

called the collar bone

A

clavicle

85
Q

called the shoulder blade

A

scapula

86
Q

how many carpals are there

A

8

87
Q

number of metacarpals

A

5

88
Q

number of digits

A

14

89
Q

the sole bone of the arm and the longest of the upper limb

A

humerus

90
Q

the two bones distal to the humerus

A

radius and ulna

91
Q

the longer of the two bones of the forearm

A

Ulna

92
Q

the bone that lies on the lateral thumb side

A

Radius

93
Q

the bone that attaches itself to the lower limbs, transmits the weight of the upper body to the lowerlimbs and supports the visceral organs of the pelvic cavity

A

Pelvic girdle

94
Q

the cavity that articulates with the femur

A

Acetabulum

95
Q

3 pairs of separate bones IN THE PELVIC GIRDLE

A

ILIUM, ISCHIUM, AND PUBIS

96
Q

the bones in the pelvic girdle fuse during adolescence (true or false?)

A

f***kin true

97
Q

the measurement of the size of the inlet and outlet of the birth canal

A

Pelvimetry

98
Q

What is the pelvic inlet in females

A

wide and oval-shaped

99
Q

what is the pelvic in males

A

narrower and heartshaped

100
Q

an imaginary curved line passing through the lesser pelvis at right angles

A

pelvic axis

101
Q

sole bone of the thigh;

A

femur

102
Q

largest bone of the body

A

femur

103
Q

decreased angle; knocked knee condiion

A

genu valgum

104
Q

abnormally large angle; bowleg condition

A

genu varum

105
Q

The ends of both femurs are father apart from the midline of the body at the hip than at the knee, why is this so?

A

allows knee joint to be closer to body’s center of gravity = CENTER OF BALANCE DAMN IT

106
Q

medial bone of the knee

A

Tibia

107
Q

which among the bones articulates with the femur at the knee?

A

Tibia

108
Q

lateral bone of the knee

A

Fibula

109
Q

lower end of the fibula; forms big lateral ankle bulge

A

distal malleolus/medial malleoulus

110
Q

why is there an arch that encloses the talus?

A

permits free movement in one plane (up and down of the foot)

111
Q

what are the projections of the ankle that prevent the ankle from freely moving side to side?

A

medial and lateral malleoli

112
Q

how many tarsal bones are there?

A

7

113
Q

how many metatarsal bones are there?

A

5

114
Q

how many phalanges are there in the foot?

A

14

115
Q

the term for heel

A

calcaneus

116
Q

condition wherein medial longitudinal arch may decrease or fall

A

flatfoot

117
Q

what causes flatfoot?

A

excessive weight, postural abnormalities, weakened supporting tissues, and genetic predispositioned

118
Q

condition in which the medial longitudinal arch is abnormally elevated; may result from poliomyelitis

A

clawfoot

119
Q

deformity of the great toe

A

bunion/hallux valgus

120
Q

the shaft or long, main portion of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

121
Q

it is made of compact tissue surrounding a central medullary cavity, containing YELLOW MARROW

A

Diaphysis

122
Q

ends of the bone; thin layer of compact tissue

A

Epiphysis

123
Q

Contains spongy bones and red marrow

A

Epiphyses

124
Q

Region between Diaphysis and Epiphysis

A

Metaphyses

125
Q

carticulate covering the epiphyses; forms a joint with another bone

A

Articular cartilage

126
Q

What is the function of the cartilage?

A

reduces friction and absorbs shock

127
Q

membrane found at the surface of the bone; NOT covered by articular cartilage (at the end of the bones)

A

Periosteum

128
Q

what is the function of the periosteum

A

bone growth in diameter, repair, and nutrition

129
Q

between diaphysis, which contain yellow fat

A

Medullary or Marrow cavity

130
Q

Endosteum

A

lining of medullary cavity

131
Q

portion which contains osteoprogenitor cells

A

Endosteum

132
Q

classification of a bone that consists of a shaft and two expanded ends; curved for strength; absorbs the stress of the body weight

A

longbones

133
Q

classification of a bone that consists ofcubelike bones that have no medullary cavity; mostly of spongy bone tissue; outer parts are made of a thin crust of compact bone tissue

A

short bones

134
Q

classification of in the spine a bone that are platelike and no medullary cavity

A

flat bones

135
Q

classification of bones that are weird shaped and no medullary cavity

A

irregular bones

136
Q

deformity characterized by both lateral curvature and verbal rotation; forms an s or c shape

A

Scoliosis

137
Q

curvature of the lower back area; swayback appearance

A

Lordosis

138
Q

round-back; humpback or hunchback; found in the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine, although they can be cervical

A

Kyphosis

Biology 102 LEC (1 decks)

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