Skeletal System Flashcards
Fossa
depression in a bone received the articulating bone
Notch
V shaped depression
Stabalises a bone
Condyle
Round bump
Processes
Raised area for connective tissue
Tuberosity
Raised bump used for muscle attatchment
Periosteum
Tough outer layer of bone for protection
Calcium
Mineral essential for bone growth
Vitamin d
Needed for uptake and absorption of calcium
Collegen
Protein
Connective tissue of tendons
Bone marrow
Soft tissue formed in bones
Red = rbc WBC and platletts
White = fat and cartilage
Epiphyseal
Rounded ends of bones forms a joint 2 or more bones
Growth plates
End of long bone cartilage
Site of ossifications
Diaphysis
Long part of the bone
Site of growth
Cancelleous bone
Sponges home
Red bone marrow
End of bone
Compact bone
Hardest part of the bone
Protection
Articulating cartilage
Cartilage that allow bones to move with minimum friction
Sagital
Splits body left vs right
Felxion and extension occur
E.g biceps curl
Frontal
Front vs back of body
Sideways movements - abduction and addiction
E.g cartwheel
Transverse
Splits top vs bottom
rotational movements
E.g pirouette
function of skeletal system
Red and white blood cell production
Protection of vital organs
Mineral storage
Framework support and structure
Movement and leverage
Muscle attatchment
Vertabrae column
Cervicle 7
Thoratic 12
Lumbar 5
Sacrum 5
Coccyx 4
Type of bones and example
Seasmoid patella
Long femur
Short tarsals
Irregular vertabrae
Flat sternum cranium scapula
Ligaments
Held together by tough fibrous tissue
Stop unwanted movements hyper extension and flexing
Connect bone to bone
Stabilises a joint
Function of each type of bone
Short weight bearing
Long leverages and movement and blood cell production
Irregular and flat protection of vital organs and muscle attatchment
Seasmoid reduces friction
Joint capsule
Though fibrous tissue surrounding the joint
Adds strengths and supports the synovial membrane
Bursa
Fluid filled sac
Cushioning
Between tendons
Decreases friction between the bones
Synovial membrane
Thin with lots of epithelial cells
Produces synovial fluid
Lubricates a joint and decrease friction
Fibrous cartilage
Softer
E.g menisci in knee
Add support and cushioning
Hyaline cartilage
Smooth tough and shiny
Found in joints at the end of a bone
Lubrication and absorbs synovial fluid
Ligaments
White
Poor blood supply
Tough fibrous tissue
Stop u wanted movements
Stabalises a joint
Joins bone to bone
Blood viscosity
High temperature e.g exercising
Viscosity of blood is thin
Low temperature e.g no exercise
Bloody viscosity is thick
All type of joint and example
Saddle thumb
Ball and socket shoulder and hip
Hinge elbow ankle knee
Pivot neck
Condyloid wrist
Gliding ankle acts like hinge
Classifications of joins all points and examples
Fibrous
Protection of vital organs
e.g cranium
No movement
Held by fibrous tissue interlocking and overlapping of bones
Cartilaginous
Shock absorbent and cushioning
Vertabrae column
little movement
E.g when jumping and landing protection
Synovial
E.g knee
Freely moveable
Movement production correct technique
Synovial fluid lubricates and reduce friction
Bursa fluid filled sac reduce friction
Bone remodelling
Osteoblasts
Ossifications
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Calcium
Vitamin D
Collegen
Osteoclasts
Break down and remove old damaged calcium
Osteoblasts
Transport new calcium to site of bone growth
Layer of Collegen is formed connective tissue in tendons
