Skeletal System Flashcards
Name the 5 functions of the skeletal system. Which two are accomplished by bone marrow?
Protection, support, movement, storage, manufacturing. Storage and manufacturing is accomplished by bone marrow.
The humerus would be classified as what shape?
Long bone
Name the following portions of a long bone.
Epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, diaphysis
What thin layer covers the ends of a
long bone?
Articular cartilage
In a long bone, describe where you would find a spongy and compact bone.
Compact bone is found around the medullary cavity while spongy bone is found near the epiphyses.
Name these compact bone structures.
Osteon, central/Haversian canals, perforating/Volkmann’s canals
Describe how osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to remodel bone.
Osteoblasts build bone while osteoclasts break it down. They work together to build strength in areas of resistance, while eliminating bone in
other areas
In the process of __________, cartilage incorporates minerals such as _________ to harden into bone.
Ossification, calcium
Describe the functions of the organic
and inorganic portions of bone.
Organic (osteoid) provides flexibility while inorganic (hydroxyapatite)
provides strength.
What two hormones regulate blood calcium levels? Which glands secrete them?
PTH and calcitonin. PTH from parathyroid glands, calcitonin from thyroid.
Describe the healing of a broken bone using the words callus & hematoma.
A hematoma develops when a bone is fractured to bring white blood cells to the wound. A callus of cartilage forms, holding the bone together until spongy and compact bone replaces it.
What are the 2 major sections of the
skeleton? Which one has more bones?
Axial & appendicular. Appendicular has more bones.
Name the 5 sections of the vertebral
column. Which way do they curve?
Cervical (concave), thoracic (convex), lumbar (concave), sacral (convex),
coccyx (convex)
What are the 3 types of joints? Give an example of each.
Fibrous- in skull, cartilaginous- in ribs, synovial- in knee
What is the purpose of a joint capsule filled with fluid?
A fluid-filled joint capsule reduces friction on the moving bones
When standing on your toes, what type of joints are involved?
Gliding (in ankle), hinge (in knee), ball & socket (in hip)
Describe two differences in an infant’s bones and an adult’s (besides size).
An infant would have more cartilage, while an adult would have ossified
bones. An infant would also have more red bone marrow than an adult.
What function do canaliculi and bone canals (Haversian & Volkmann’s) serve?
Canaliculi and bone canals serve to connect bone cells by allowing nutrients to be delivered and waste to be removed.
Pediatricians are often particularly concerned about fractures that cross the epiphyseal plate. Explain why.
The epiphyseal plate is the location of growth, so a fracture here could
permanently affect the growth of that bone.
The doctor X-rays your brother’s femur and says there is a comminuted fracture. What would you expect to see when she shows you the X-ray?
Several bone fragments
