SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
Type of skeleton which protects the brain, spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax.
Axial Skeleton
Top of the skull which is often removed to view the interior of the skull
Clavaria
Forms the roof of both the orbit of the eye and nasal cavity
Frontal Bone
Forms nearly half of the superior portion of the skull.
Parietal Bone
Type of bone that is connected to the skull by the squamous suture, and is subdivided into three regions (squamous, tympanic, and petrous)
Temporal Bone
Number of bones in the axial skeleton
80 bones
Skull - 28
Thorax - 25
Hyoid - 1
Vertebral Column - 26
Number of bones in the appendicular skeleton
126 bones
Pectoral girdle - 4
Pelvic girdle - 2
Extremities - 120
A freely movable joint with the rest of the skull
Mandible
Posterior portion and floor of cranium
Occipital Bone
Forms part of cranium floor, lateral posterior portions of eye orbits and houses the sella turcica.
Sphenoid bone
Anterior portion of cranium, including medial surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal cavity
Ethmoid bone
Form upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits
Maxilla
Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity
Palatine bones
These are cheek bones, also forming floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit
Zygomatic bones
The smallest of the skull bones and houses the depression through which the nasolacrimal duct enters the nasolacrimal canal.
Lacrimal bones
Forms the bridge of the nose
Nasal bones
In midline of nasal cavity and forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone
Vomer bone
Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity
Inferior nasal conchae
Part of your lower jawbone, and the only movable bone in the skull
Mandible
In an infant, the space where 2 sutures join forms a membrane-covered “soft spot” is called a _______.
Fontanelle
FACT: The fontanellesallow for growth of the brain and skullduring an infant’s first year. Often closes between 7 to 19 months.
Hephep
Hooray! You’re doing great so far :)
The largest part of the temporal bone which is flat and plate-like, and joins the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch (region of temporal bones)
Squamous part
Forms the anterior wall, floor, and part of
the posterior wall of the external
acoustic meatus (region of temporal bones)
Tympanic part
Extends inward toward the center of the skull, contains the middle and inner ears (region of temporal bones)
Petrous part
Fuses the frontal bone and the parietal bone.
Coronal suture
Fuses the left and right sides of the parietal bone
Sagittal suture
Fuses the occipital bone to the parietal.
Lambdoid suture
Fuses the temporal bone to the parietal bone.
Squamous suture
Midpoint of the coronal and squamous
suture.
Pterion
Midpoint of the lambdoid and sagittal suture.
Lambda
Excess tears are collected in the medial angle of the eyes by small ducts called
Lacrimal canaliculi
Provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles and neck muscles that elevates the larynx, and does not articulate with any other bones.
Hyoid bone
They are the large cavities that open to the nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
The main regions of the vertebral column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal Regions
The human vertebrae are classified as which type of bone?
Irregular bone
Which bone is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?
Femur
The ribs, sternum and scapulae are all what type of bone?
Flat bones
How many bones make up the human spine?
33 bones
Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton?
Long bones
The bones of the vertebral column are classified as which type of bone?
Irregular bone
Which vertebral regions feature primary (kyphotic) curves?
The thoracic and sacral curvatures
Feature of the vertebrae which is a solid bony disk and supports the body’s weight
Vertebral body
the thin plate; posterior portion of the vertebral.
Lamina
The large hole in the vertebral disk and acts as an opening for the spinal cord
to pass.
Vertebral foramen
This is where the spinal cord passes
through.
Vertebral canal
This is where the spinal nerves exit the
spinal cord.
Intervertebral foramina
Helps in articulation of the vertebrae.
Superior and inferior articular process
The region of overlap and articulation
between the superior and inferior
articular processes.
Articular facet
It does not have a vertebral body or a
spinous process
Atlas (C1)
Has a highly modified superior process,
called dens.
Axis (C2)
Have the longest spinous and transverse process that project inferiorly.
Thoracic vertebrae
Supports the majority of the body’s weight, and have massive heavy bodies
Lumbar vertebrae
Located between hip bones, part of the pelvic girdle
Sacrum
Where the vertebral canal ends;
common injection site for anesthesia.
Sacral hiatus
A bulge created by the 1st sacral vertebra. Clinically used as a landmark for separation of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
Sacral Promontory
The terminal portion of the vertebral column. It can be formed from three to five semi-fused vertebrae.
Coccyx
Commonly called the rib cage. Forms a semi-rigid chamber that can increase and
decrease in volume during respiration.
Thoracic cage
Ribs that attaches directly through costal
cartilage to the sternum.
True ribs
Ribs that are not directly attached to the sternum.
False ribs
Type of skeleton that supports our weight in an upright position.
Appendicular skeleton
A flat, triangular bone that can easily be seen and felt, also known as the shoulder blade.
Scapula
Part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.
Glenoid cavity
Articulates with the scapula and sternum. Also known as the collarbone
Clavicle
Part of the humerus that is named because it is a common fracture site.
Surgical neck
Inserts into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the elbow is straightened.
Olecranon process
The portion of the ulna that articulates with the humerus; C-shaped.
Trochlear notch
Inserts into the fossa of the humerus when the elbow is bent.
Coronoid process
Part of the ulna that is the site of attachment for the ligaments of the wrist
Styloid process
The portion of the radius that articulates with the humerus
Radial head
Site of attachment for the biceps brachii
muscle of the arm.
Radial tuberosity
Number of carpal bones
8 bones
The hip bones join each other anteriorly and connect with the sacrum posteriorly forming a complete circle.
Pelvic girdle
Serves as the place of attachment of the lower limbs, supports body weight, and protects internal organs.
Pelvic
opening is through the pelvic inlet.
True pelvis
inferior opening is through the pelvic outlet.
False pelvis
Largest of the three hip bones.
Illium
It is where the sciatic nerve passes through.
Greater sciatic notch
located at the large depression on
the medial side of the ilium.
Illiac fossa
Forms the anterior portion of the pelvic girdle.
Pubis
Where the lower limb articulates with the pelvic girdle.
Acetabulum
Sesamoid bone located within the tendon
of the quadriceps femoris. Also known as the kneecap
Patella
point of attachment of
the quadriceps femoris muscle group.
Tibial tuberosity
Does not articulate with the femur but
the head of the proximal end of the
tibia.
Fibula
Great toe : __________
Hallux
Arch from the heel to the ball of the foot
Two longitudinal arches
Arch that extends across the foot
Transverse arch
Also known as articulations
Joints
FACT: commonly named according to the bones or portions of bones that join together.
Two bones united by fibrous connective tissue. Have no joint cavity.
Fibrous joints
Joint in the skull
Sutures
joints in which the bones are
separated by some distance
and held together by ligaments.
Syndesmoses
Consist of pegsfitted into
sockets and held in place by
ligaments.
Gomphoses
Hold two bones together by a pad of cartilage.
Cartilaginous joints
A cartilaginous joint that contain hyaline cartilage
Synchondroses
A cartilaginous joint that contain fibrocartilage
Symphyses
Joint that allows movement between articulating bones, and contains synovial fluid
Synovial joints
FACT: Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are
synovial joints.
articular surfaces of bones within
synovial joints.
Articular cartilage
Synovial joint that only partially spans
Meniscus
Lubricating film (Polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid, provides much slippery consistency and lubricating qualities)
Synovial Fluid
Provides cushion between structures that
would otherwise rub against each other
Bursa
Gliding joint : _________
Plane
Consists of two saddle-shaped
articulating surfaces oriented at right
angles to each other. Movement is biaxial
Saddle
A convex cylinder in one bone is applied
to a corresponding concavity in the
other bone. Movement is Uniaxial
Hinge
Restricts movement to rotation around
a single axis. Movement is uniaxial
Pivot
Consists of a head at the of one bone
and a socket adjacent bone into which
a portion of the ball fits. Movement is multiaxial
Ball-and-socket
modified ball-and-socket
Ellipsoid
A bending movement that decreases
the angle of the joint, bringing the
bones together.
Flexion
movement of the foot toward the plantar surface; standing on
the toes.
Plantar flexion
movement of the foot towards the shin; walking on heels.
Dorsiflexion
Straightening movements that increase
the angle of the joint.
Extension
Extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees.
Hyperextension
movement away from the median or
midsagittal plane.
Abduction
movement toward the median.
Adduction
rotation of the forearm; palm faces
down.
Pronation
rotation of the arm; palm faces up.
Supination
turning the foot so that the plantar
surface (bottom of the fool) faces laterally
Eversion
turning the foot so that it faces medially.
Inversion
the turning of a structure around its long axis.
Rotation
Freely moveable joints.
Circumduction
Movement in which a structure, such as the mandible, glides anteriorly.
Protraction
Glides posteriorly
Retraction
Movement of a structure in a superior direction.
Elevation
Moves the structure inferiorly
Depression
Movement of a structure to one side
Excursion
Movement unique to the thumb and little finger
Opposition
Returns the digits to the anatomical position.
Reposition
The foot bones are part of what skeleton
Appendicular
The ulnar notch is found in the
Radius
Chicken
Nuggets!
The _______ is the inferior portion of the coccyx bone. It allows for the attachment of the tendon of the external anal sphincter.
Apex of Coccyx
The sacrum begins as five separate vertebrae, but they later fuse together to form one sacrum bone.
True
