SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards by Adrian Brynne

Type of skeleton which protects the brain, spinal cord, and the vital organs housed within the thorax.

Axial Skeleton

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Top of the skull which is often removed to view the interior of the skull

Clavaria

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Forms the roof of both the orbit of the eye and nasal cavity

Frontal Bone

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Forms nearly half of the superior portion of the skull.

Parietal Bone

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Type of bone that is connected to the skull by the squamous suture, and is subdivided into three regions (squamous, tympanic, and petrous)

Temporal Bone

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Number of bones in the axial skeleton

80 bones

Skull - 28
Thorax - 25
Hyoid - 1
Vertebral Column - 26

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Number of bones in the appendicular skeleton

126 bones

Pectoral girdle - 4
Pelvic girdle - 2
Extremities - 120

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A freely movable joint with the rest of the skull

Mandible

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Posterior portion and floor of cranium

Occipital Bone

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Forms part of cranium floor, lateral posterior portions of eye orbits and houses the sella turcica.

Sphenoid bone

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Anterior portion of cranium, including medial surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal cavity

Ethmoid bone

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Form upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits

Maxilla

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Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity

Palatine bones

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These are cheek bones, also forming floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit

Zygomatic bones

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The smallest of the skull bones and houses the depression through which the nasolacrimal duct enters the nasolacrimal canal.

Lacrimal bones

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Forms the bridge of the nose

Nasal bones

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In midline of nasal cavity and forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone

Vomer bone

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Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

Inferior nasal conchae

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Part of your lower jawbone, and the only movable bone in the skull

Mandible

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In an infant, the space where 2 sutures join forms a membrane-covered “soft spot” is called a _______.

Fontanelle

FACT: The fontanellesallow for growth of the brain and skullduring an infant’s first year. Often closes between 7 to 19 months.

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Hephep

Hooray! You’re doing great so far :)

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The largest part of the temporal bone which is flat and plate-like, and joins the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch (region of temporal bones)

Squamous part

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Forms the anterior wall, floor, and part of
the posterior wall of the external
acoustic meatus (region of temporal bones)

Tympanic part

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Extends inward toward the center of the skull, contains the middle and inner ears (region of temporal bones)

Petrous part

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Fuses the frontal bone and the parietal bone.

Coronal suture

Fuses the left and right sides of the parietal bone

Sagittal suture

Fuses the occipital bone to the parietal.

Lambdoid suture

Fuses the temporal bone to the parietal bone.

Squamous suture

Midpoint of the coronal and squamous suture.

Pterion

Midpoint of the lambdoid and sagittal suture.

Lambda

Excess tears are collected in the medial angle of the eyes by small ducts called

Lacrimal canaliculi

Provides an attachment point for the tongue muscles and neck muscles that elevates the larynx, and does not articulate with any other bones.

Hyoid bone

They are the large cavities that open to the nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

The main regions of the vertebral column

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal Regions

The human vertebrae are classified as which type of bone?

Irregular bone

Which bone is the longest and strongest bone in the human body?

Femur

The ribs, sternum and scapulae are all what type of bone?

Flat bones

How many bones make up the human spine?

33 bones

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton?

Long bones

The bones of the vertebral column are classified as which type of bone?

Irregular bone

Which vertebral regions feature primary (kyphotic) curves?

The thoracic and sacral curvatures

Feature of the vertebrae which is a solid bony disk and supports the body's weight

Vertebral body

the thin plate; posterior portion of the vertebral.

Lamina

The large hole in the vertebral disk and acts as an opening for the spinal cord to pass.

Vertebral foramen

This is where the spinal cord passes through.

Vertebral canal

This is where the spinal nerves exit the spinal cord.

Intervertebral foramina

Helps in articulation of the vertebrae.

Superior and inferior articular process

The region of overlap and articulation between the superior and inferior articular processes.

Articular facet

It does not have a vertebral body or a spinous process

Atlas (C1)

Has a highly modified superior process, called dens.

Axis (C2)

Have the longest spinous and transverse process that project inferiorly.

Thoracic vertebrae

Supports the majority of the body’s weight, and have massive heavy bodies

Lumbar vertebrae

Located between hip bones, part of the pelvic girdle

Sacrum

Where the vertebral canal ends; common injection site for anesthesia.

Sacral hiatus

A bulge created by the 1st sacral vertebra. Clinically used as a landmark for separation of the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

Sacral Promontory

The terminal portion of the vertebral column. It can be formed from three to five semi-fused vertebrae.

Coccyx

Commonly called the rib cage. Forms a semi-rigid chamber that can increase and decrease in volume during respiration.

Thoracic cage

Ribs that attaches directly through costal cartilage to the sternum.

True ribs

Ribs that are not directly attached to the sternum.

False ribs

Type of skeleton that supports our weight in an upright position.

Appendicular skeleton

A flat, triangular bone that can easily be seen and felt, also known as the shoulder blade.

Scapula

Part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

Glenoid cavity

Articulates with the scapula and sternum. Also known as the collarbone

Clavicle

Part of the humerus that is named because it is a common fracture site.

Surgical neck

Inserts into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the elbow is straightened.

Olecranon process

The portion of the ulna that articulates with the humerus; C-shaped.

Trochlear notch

Inserts into the fossa of the humerus when the elbow is bent.

Coronoid process

Part of the ulna that is the site of attachment for the ligaments of the wrist

Styloid process

The portion of the radius that articulates with the humerus

Radial head

Site of attachment for the biceps brachii muscle of the arm.

Radial tuberosity

Number of carpal bones

8 bones

The hip bones join each other anteriorly and connect with the sacrum posteriorly forming a complete circle.

Pelvic girdle

Serves as the place of attachment of the lower limbs, supports body weight, and protects internal organs.

Pelvic

opening is through the pelvic inlet.

True pelvis

inferior opening is through the pelvic outlet.

False pelvis

Largest of the three hip bones.

Illium

It is where the sciatic nerve passes through.

Greater sciatic notch

located at the large depression on the medial side of the ilium.

Illiac fossa

Forms the anterior portion of the pelvic girdle.

Pubis

Where the lower limb articulates with the pelvic girdle.

Acetabulum

Sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris. Also known as the kneecap

Patella

point of attachment of the quadriceps femoris muscle group.

Tibial tuberosity

Does not articulate with the femur but the head of the proximal end of the tibia.

Fibula

Great toe : __________

Hallux

Arch from the heel to the ball of the foot

Two longitudinal arches

Arch that extends across the foot

Transverse arch

Also known as articulations

Joints FACT: commonly named according to the bones or portions of bones that join together.

Two bones united by fibrous connective tissue. Have no joint cavity.

Fibrous joints

Joint in the skull

Sutures

joints in which the bones are separated by some distance and held together by ligaments.

Syndesmoses

Consist of pegsfitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments.

Gomphoses

Hold two bones together by a pad of cartilage.

Cartilaginous joints

A cartilaginous joint that contain hyaline cartilage

Synchondroses

A cartilaginous joint that contain fibrocartilage

Symphyses

Joint that allows movement between articulating bones, and contains synovial fluid

Synovial joints FACT: Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are synovial joints.

articular surfaces of bones within synovial joints.

Articular cartilage

Synovial joint that only partially spans

Meniscus

Lubricating film (Polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid, provides much slippery consistency and lubricating qualities)

Synovial Fluid

Provides cushion between structures that would otherwise rub against each other

Bursa

Gliding joint : _________

Plane

Consists of two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other. Movement is biaxial

Saddle

A convex cylinder in one bone is applied to a corresponding concavity in the other bone. Movement is Uniaxial

Hinge

Restricts movement to rotation around a single axis. Movement is uniaxial

Pivot

Consists of a head at the of one bone and a socket adjacent bone into which a portion of the ball fits. Movement is multiaxial

Ball-and-socket

modified ball-and-socket

Ellipsoid

A bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint, bringing the bones together.

Flexion

movement of the foot toward the plantar surface; standing on the toes.

Plantar flexion

movement of the foot towards the shin; walking on heels.

Dorsiflexion

Straightening movements that increase the angle of the joint.

Extension

Extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees.

Hyperextension

movement away from the median or midsagittal plane.

Abduction

movement toward the median.

Adduction

rotation of the forearm; palm faces down.

Pronation

rotation of the arm; palm faces up.

Supination

turning the foot so that the plantar surface (bottom of the fool) faces laterally

Eversion

turning the foot so that it faces medially.

Inversion

the turning of a structure around its long axis.

Rotation

Freely moveable joints.

Circumduction

Movement in which a structure, such as the mandible, glides anteriorly.

Protraction

Glides posteriorly

Retraction

Movement of a structure in a superior direction.

Elevation

Moves the structure inferiorly

Depression

Movement of a structure to one side

Excursion

Movement unique to the thumb and little finger

Opposition

Returns the digits to the anatomical position.

Reposition

The foot bones are part of what skeleton

Appendicular

The ulnar notch is found in the

Radius

Chicken

Nuggets!

The _______ is the inferior portion of the coccyx bone. It allows for the attachment of the tendon of the external anal sphincter.

Apex of Coccyx

The sacrum begins as five separate vertebrae, but they later fuse together to form one sacrum bone.

True