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anaphy > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

bones of the skeleton, joints

A

skeletal system

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2
Q

for body movement

A

muscular system

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3
Q

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

A

skeletal system

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4
Q

bones at birth

A

270 bones

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5
Q

bones at adulthood

A

206 bones

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6
Q

two divisions of skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

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7
Q

vertebral column, rib cage, skull

A

axial

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8
Q

shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, bones of the upper and lower limbs

A

appendicular

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9
Q

two or more bones meet

A

joints

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10
Q

tough elastic tissue around joints

A

ligaments

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11
Q

connects bone to bone, give support, limits movement

A

ligaments

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12
Q

connects muscle to bone, fibrous connective tissue

A

tendons

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13
Q

soft, gel-like padding that protects joints

A

cartilage

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14
Q

shape, support, protect; highly vascular living structure

A

bones

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15
Q

compositions of bones

A

calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

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16
Q

spongy tissue that makes and stores blood cells

A

bone marrow

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17
Q

cylindrical structure that is the basic microscopic unit of bones

A

osteon

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18
Q

consists of lamellae of compact bone tissue

A

osteon

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19
Q

composed of collagen (very strong and gives bone flexibility)

A

osteoid

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20
Q

microscopic tubes that contain capillaries and nerve fiber

A

haversian canals

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21
Q

assist with blood and nerve supply from periosteum to haversian canals

A

volkmann’s canals

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22
Q

covers the surfaces of the bones except for the cartilage, ligaments, and tendons

A

periosteum

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23
Q

Formations characteristic of mature bone and take shape during bone remodeling and renewal

A

osteon

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24
Q

small canal/duct/passageway that channels through in the ossified bone

A

canaliculus

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25
Q

bone cells:

A

osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast

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26
Q

bone formation; responsible for the synthesis and mineralization during the process of bone formation and bone remodeling

A

osteoblasts

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27
Q

longest living bone cell (90-95% of the cell in the bone tissue) ; form when osteoblasts are buried in the mineral matrix

A

osteocytes

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28
Q

reabsorbs bone that allows for the development of new bone and maintains bone strength

A

osteoclasts

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29
Q

types of bone tissue

A

Compact bone and spongy bone

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30
Q

hard external layer of all bones and surrounds the medullary cavity or bone marrow

A

compact bone

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31
Q

gives bone its white, smooth, solid appearance

A

compact bone

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32
Q

cancellous or trabecular bone

A

spongy bone

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33
Q

highly vascularized and contains the red bone marrow

A

spongy bone

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34
Q

projections or depressions that help identify the location of internal organs

A

bone markings

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35
Q

classification of bones:

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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36
Q

longer than they are wide; shaft with 2 bulky ends or extremities

A

long bones

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37
Q

cube shaped, spongy bone; located in the hands and feet

A

short bones

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38
Q

thin, flattened, curved

A

flat bones

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39
Q

located in the occipital, parietal, nasal, frontal, lacrimal, vomer, hip bone, sternum, ribs, scapulae

A

flat bones

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40
Q

non-uniform shaped bones

A

irregular bones

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41
Q

vertebrae, sacrum, mandible

A

irregular bones

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42
Q

types of ossification:

A

intramembranous and endochondral

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43
Q

replacement of connective tissue to bony tissue

A

intramembranous ossification

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44
Q

replacement of hyaline cartilage to bony tissue

A

endochondral ossification

45
Q

influenced by growth hormone (anterior pituitary glands and sex hormones)

A

bone growth

46
Q

stages of bone healing process:

A

inflammation, bone production, bone remodeling

47
Q

there is bleeding in the area and blood clotting

A

inflammation

48
Q

clotted blood is replaced with fibrous tissue and cartilage (soft callus), then the soft callus is replaced with hard callus

A

bone production

49
Q

bone becomes compact and returns to its original shape; blood circulation improves

A

bone remodeling

50
Q

bone deposition or bone production by the osteoblasts and bone resorption by the osteoclasts where the bone is broken down

A

bone remodeling

51
Q

stages of broken bone repair:

A

hematoma formation, bone generation, bony callous formation, bone remodeling

52
Q

blood vessels tear and causes hemorrhage that results in the formation of blood clot or hematoma

A

hematoma formation

53
Q

there are still remains of the clotted blood but the fibroblasts that produce collagen and osteoblasts that form the spongy bone enters the area and reforms a new bone;

A

bone generation

54
Q

repair tissue between broken bone ends that is composed of hyaline and fibrocartilage

A

fibrocartilaginious callus

55
Q

fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced to be a bony callus of the spongy bone

A

bony callous formation

56
Q

bony callus is remodeled; compact bone is added to create a bone that is similar to the original or unbroken bone

A

bone remodeling

57
Q

blood supply of bone:

A

nutrient artery, periosteal artery, epiphysial artery, metaphysial artery

58
Q

enters shaft through the nutrient foramen, runs through the cortex, and divided the ascending and descending branches in the medullary cavity

A

nutrient artery

59
Q

low-pressure system connected to the haversian and volkmann’s canals

A

periosteal artery

60
Q

from the periarticular vascular arcades found on the nonarticular bony surface

A

epiphysial artery

61
Q

from the neighboring systemic vessels; pass directly into the metaphysis and reinforce the metaphysial branches

A

metaphysial artery

62
Q

can be sympathetic and vasomotor; can be sensory and is distributed to the articular ends and periosteum

A

nerves

63
Q

bones of the head, trunk of vertebrae

A

axial skeleton

64
Q

suports face and protects brain; formed by intramembranous ossification and joined by sutures (fibrous joints); consists of cranium

A

skull

65
Q

number of bones in skull

A

8 cranium, 14 face

66
Q

houses the brain; flat/irregular bones that protects the brain; where the brain rest and vault that surrounds and covers

A

cranium

67
Q

bones in the cranium:

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

68
Q

forehead; supports and protects the delicate nervous tissue;bowl-shaped

A

frontal bone

69
Q

large part of the cranial vault and extend from the frontal to occipital

A

parietal

70
Q

sides; organs of hearing and equilibrium

A

temporal

71
Q

posterior (back); supports the head upon the spinal column

A

occipital bone

72
Q

opening in the occipital bone for the spinal cord

A

foramen magnum

73
Q

central part; orbits and transmits the optic nerve

A

sphenoid

74
Q

bony socket

A

sella turcica

75
Q

lies between the eyes; extends from frontal to sphenoid; olfactory nerve, nasal

A

ethmoid bone

76
Q

forms the lower and outer edges of the orbits; cheekbones

A

zygomatic bone

77
Q

upper jaw and palate of the mouth

A

maxilla

78
Q

form the upper part of the nose bridge

A

nasal bones

79
Q

medial walls of orbits; forms the naso-lacrimal duct from the eye to nose

A

lacrimal bone

80
Q

inferior part of the nasal septum; separates the left and right nasal cavities

A

vomer

81
Q

posterior part of the hard palate; forms part of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and orbit of the eye

A

palatine bone

82
Q

scroll-like bones along the walls of the nasal cavity

A

inferior nasal conchae

83
Q

lower jaw; inferior to maxillae and attaches posteriorly to the temporal bone

A

mandible

84
Q

33 individual, interlocking bones that forms the spinal column

A

vertebrae

85
Q

forms the neck

A

cervical (7)

86
Q

forms the chest sections and the rib is attached here

A

thoracic (12)

87
Q

below thoracic; supports the body’s weight

A

lumbar (5)

88
Q

caged within the pelvic bone

A

sacral (5 fused)

89
Q

tailbone and is located in the terminal portion

A

coccyx

90
Q

12 paired bones; protective cage of thorax

A

ribs

91
Q

central part of the chest;connects ribs via cartilage (costal cartilage)

A

sternum

92
Q

appe: grasp and manipulate objects

A

upper limbs

93
Q

appe: for locomotion

A

lower limbs

94
Q

bones for arm, forearm, hand

A

humerus, ulna and radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

95
Q

bones for the thigh, leg, kneecap, feet

A

femur, fibula and tibia, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

96
Q

appe: connects to the arm

A

pectoral/shoulder girdle (clavicle/scapula)

97
Q

hip bones and sacrum

A

pelvic girdle

98
Q

two or more bones meet; articulation

A

joints

99
Q

classification of joints

A

fibrous, cartiliginous, synovial

100
Q

connected by fibrous connective tissue; exhibit little to no movement

A

fibrous joints

101
Q

hold two bones together by cartilage; immovable

A

cartilaginous joints

102
Q

joints that allow movement

A

synovial joints

103
Q

types of synovial joints

A

pivot, ball-and-socket, hinge, condyloid, saddle, gliding

104
Q

permit axial rotation; rotates within a ring

A

pivot

105
Q

spheroidal; rounded surface moves within a depression; multiaxial that allows movement in any direction

A

ball-and-socket

106
Q

uniaxial- motion in one plane

A

hinge

107
Q

articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity within an ellipsoidal cavity

A

condyloid

108
Q

articulation by reciprocal reception; reciprocally concave and convex

A

saddle

109
Q

flat articular surface that allows gliding movement in any direction; uniaxial because rotation is limited by ligaments and adjacent bone

A

gliding or plane

anaphy (1 decks)

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