skeletal system Flashcards
1
Q
bones of the skeleton, joints
A
skeletal system
2
Q
for body movement
A
muscular system
3
Q
bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
A
skeletal system
4
Q
bones at birth
A
270 bones
5
Q
bones at adulthood
A
206 bones
6
Q
two divisions of skeletal system
A
axial and appendicular
7
Q
vertebral column, rib cage, skull
A
axial
8
Q
shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, bones of the upper and lower limbs
A
appendicular
9
Q
two or more bones meet
A
joints
10
Q
tough elastic tissue around joints
A
ligaments
11
Q
connects bone to bone, give support, limits movement
A
ligaments
12
Q
connects muscle to bone, fibrous connective tissue
A
tendons
13
Q
soft, gel-like padding that protects joints
A
cartilage
14
Q
shape, support, protect; highly vascular living structure
A
bones
15
Q
compositions of bones
A
calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
16
Q
spongy tissue that makes and stores blood cells
A
bone marrow
17
Q
cylindrical structure that is the basic microscopic unit of bones
A
osteon
18
Q
consists of lamellae of compact bone tissue
A
osteon
19
Q
composed of collagen (very strong and gives bone flexibility)
A
osteoid
20
Q
microscopic tubes that contain capillaries and nerve fiber
A
haversian canals
21
Q
assist with blood and nerve supply from periosteum to haversian canals
A
volkmann’s canals
22
Q
covers the surfaces of the bones except for the cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
A
periosteum
23
Q
Formations characteristic of mature bone and take shape during bone remodeling and renewal
A
osteon
24
Q
small canal/duct/passageway that channels through in the ossified bone
A
canaliculus
25
bone cells:
osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast
26
bone formation; responsible for the synthesis and mineralization during the process of bone formation and bone remodeling
osteoblasts
27
longest living bone cell (90-95% of the cell in the bone tissue) ; form when osteoblasts are buried in the mineral matrix
osteocytes
28
reabsorbs bone that allows for the development of new bone and maintains bone strength
osteoclasts
29
types of bone tissue
Compact bone and spongy bone
30
hard external layer of all bones and surrounds the medullary cavity or bone marrow
compact bone
31
gives bone its white, smooth, solid appearance
compact bone
32
cancellous or trabecular bone
spongy bone
33
highly vascularized and contains the red bone marrow
spongy bone
34
projections or depressions that help identify the location of internal organs
bone markings
35
classification of bones:
long, short, flat, irregular
36
longer than they are wide; shaft with 2 bulky ends or extremities
long bones
37
cube shaped, spongy bone; located in the hands and feet
short bones
38
thin, flattened, curved
flat bones
39
located in the occipital, parietal, nasal, frontal, lacrimal, vomer, hip bone, sternum, ribs, scapulae
flat bones
40
non-uniform shaped bones
irregular bones
41
vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
irregular bones
42
types of ossification:
intramembranous and endochondral
43
replacement of connective tissue to bony tissue
intramembranous ossification
44
replacement of hyaline cartilage to bony tissue
endochondral ossification
45
influenced by growth hormone (anterior pituitary glands and sex hormones)
bone growth
46
stages of bone healing process:
inflammation, bone production, bone remodeling
47
there is bleeding in the area and blood clotting
inflammation
48
clotted blood is replaced with fibrous tissue and cartilage (soft callus), then the soft callus is replaced with hard callus
bone production
49
bone becomes compact and returns to its original shape; blood circulation improves
bone remodeling
50
bone deposition or bone production by the osteoblasts and bone resorption by the osteoclasts where the bone is broken down
bone remodeling
51
stages of broken bone repair:
hematoma formation, bone generation, bony callous formation, bone remodeling
52
blood vessels tear and causes hemorrhage that results in the formation of blood clot or hematoma
hematoma formation
53
there are still remains of the clotted blood but the fibroblasts that produce collagen and osteoblasts that form the spongy bone enters the area and reforms a new bone;
bone generation
54
repair tissue between broken bone ends that is composed of hyaline and fibrocartilage
fibrocartilaginious callus
55
fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced to be a bony callus of the spongy bone
bony callous formation
56
bony callus is remodeled; compact bone is added to create a bone that is similar to the original or unbroken bone
bone remodeling
57
blood supply of bone:
nutrient artery, periosteal artery, epiphysial artery, metaphysial artery
58
enters shaft through the nutrient foramen, runs through the cortex, and divided the ascending and descending branches in the medullary cavity
nutrient artery
59
low-pressure system connected to the haversian and volkmann's canals
periosteal artery
60
from the periarticular vascular arcades found on the nonarticular bony surface
epiphysial artery
61
from the neighboring systemic vessels; pass directly into the metaphysis and reinforce the metaphysial branches
metaphysial artery
62
can be sympathetic and vasomotor; can be sensory and is distributed to the articular ends and periosteum
nerves
63
bones of the head, trunk of vertebrae
axial skeleton
64
suports face and protects brain; formed by intramembranous ossification and joined by sutures (fibrous joints); consists of cranium
skull
65
number of bones in skull
8 cranium, 14 face
66
houses the brain; flat/irregular bones that protects the brain; where the brain rest and vault that surrounds and covers
cranium
67
bones in the cranium:
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
68
forehead; supports and protects the delicate nervous tissue;bowl-shaped
frontal bone
69
large part of the cranial vault and extend from the frontal to occipital
parietal
70
sides; organs of hearing and equilibrium
temporal
71
posterior (back); supports the head upon the spinal column
occipital bone
72
opening in the occipital bone for the spinal cord
foramen magnum
73
central part; orbits and transmits the optic nerve
sphenoid
74
bony socket
sella turcica
75
lies between the eyes; extends from frontal to sphenoid; olfactory nerve, nasal
ethmoid bone
76
forms the lower and outer edges of the orbits; cheekbones
zygomatic bone
77
upper jaw and palate of the mouth
maxilla
78
form the upper part of the nose bridge
nasal bones
79
medial walls of orbits; forms the naso-lacrimal duct from the eye to nose
lacrimal bone
80
inferior part of the nasal septum; separates the left and right nasal cavities
vomer
81
posterior part of the hard palate; forms part of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and orbit of the eye
palatine bone
82
scroll-like bones along the walls of the nasal cavity
inferior nasal conchae
83
lower jaw; inferior to maxillae and attaches posteriorly to the temporal bone
mandible
84
33 individual, interlocking bones that forms the spinal column
vertebrae
85
forms the neck
cervical (7)
86
forms the chest sections and the rib is attached here
thoracic (12)
87
below thoracic; supports the body's weight
lumbar (5)
88
caged within the pelvic bone
sacral (5 fused)
89
tailbone and is located in the terminal portion
coccyx
90
12 paired bones; protective cage of thorax
ribs
91
central part of the chest;connects ribs via cartilage (costal cartilage)
sternum
92
appe: grasp and manipulate objects
upper limbs
93
appe: for locomotion
lower limbs
94
bones for arm, forearm, hand
humerus, ulna and radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
95
bones for the thigh, leg, kneecap, feet
femur, fibula and tibia, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
96
appe: connects to the arm
pectoral/shoulder girdle (clavicle/scapula)
97
hip bones and sacrum
pelvic girdle
98
two or more bones meet; articulation
joints
99
classification of joints
fibrous, cartiliginous, synovial
100
connected by fibrous connective tissue; exhibit little to no movement
fibrous joints
101
hold two bones together by cartilage; immovable
cartilaginous joints
102
joints that allow movement
synovial joints
103
types of synovial joints
pivot, ball-and-socket, hinge, condyloid, saddle, gliding
104
permit axial rotation; rotates within a ring
pivot
105
spheroidal; rounded surface moves within a depression; multiaxial that allows movement in any direction
ball-and-socket
106
uniaxial- motion in one plane
hinge
107
articular surface of one bone has an ovoid convexity within an ellipsoidal cavity
condyloid
108
articulation by reciprocal reception; reciprocally concave and convex
saddle
109
flat articular surface that allows gliding movement in any direction; uniaxial because rotation is limited by ligaments and adjacent bone
gliding or plane
