Skeletal System Flashcards
Cartilage made up of…
Connective tissue
Extracellular substance > cells
Gel like substance
Flexible ‘hard plastic’ consistency
Cartilage Function
Sustains weight put through bone
Absorbs shock and stress
Form and support
Growth of bone
Cartilage is
Avascular (lack of blood vessels)
Receives nutrition via diffusion
Hyaline Cartilage
**most common
Line articular surfaces
Connect rib to sternum
Tip of nose
Rings of trachea and bronchii
Elastic Cartilage
modification of hyaline cartilage, more pliable than HC, more resilient
External ear
Epiglottis (back of throat under 👅)
Eustachian tubes (middle ear to back of nose)
Triangular fibrocartilage complex
Wrist/ulna tear
Arth/o scopy
Visual examination of the joints
Fibrocartilage
Strong and rigid
Functions:
Forms intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, some large tendons to bone
Osteoporosis
Bone destruction (by osteoclasts)
Result = loss of calcified tissue
Fracture or fall
Osteoarthritis
aka degenerative joint disease
Most common
Localized
Non-inflammatory
Affects big joints (hips, knees) and fingers and neck
Heberdon’s Nodes
Osteoarthritis
DIP joints
Limit motion
Bouchard’s Nodes
Osteoarthritis
PIP joints
Painful, limit motion
NSAIDs 💊
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
(Aspirin, ibuprofen)
P.O
Taken by mouth 👄 💊
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Chronic (flares up and then diminishes)
Systemic, whole body, esp. synovial lining of joints
Autoimmune disorder, body attacks itself
Rheumatoid arthritis
disease process
Inflammatory
Swelling of synovial lining
Pannus
(deals with Rheumatoid arthritis)
Inflamed cells produce enzymes (functional proteins) that digest cartilage and bone.
Dissolve bone
Sjogren’s Syndrome
(Rheumatoid arthritis)
Collection of symptoms
Mucus membranes dry out, skin stiffens
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
More severe than RA
Rash, high fever, swelling of liver and spleen
Can stunt epiphyseal cartilage growth/ long bones
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Males 20-40
Inflammatory, systemic
Ossification (calcified and hardened) of disks, joints, ligaments of spinal column
Stiffness, fusion of spine, pelvis and lower spine
Chronic pain at rest, sometimes relieved with movement
Gout
Crystal build up in joints
Painful, swollen joints
Tx: meds, diet, low impact exercise (swimming)
goniometer
Instrument that measures angel motion at a joint
Articulation function
Point of contact between bones
Amount of movement varies
Gliding joints
Ankles (tarsals)
wrist (carpals)
spine (vertebrae)
Fibrous (synarthroses) joints
Mostly immovable
Syndesmoses (between radius/ulna)
Sutures (skull joint)
Gomphoses (gum 🦷)
Cartilaginous (Amphiarthroses) joints
Slightly moveable
1) Synchondroses
ribs to sternum
Epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage)
2) Symphyses
Pubic bone
Vertebral disk
Synovial (Diarthroses) joints
Freely move
Most numerous
Most complex
Most common joint in appendicular skeleton
Uniaxial Joints
Hinge and pivot
Hinge joint
Humerus
Elbow
Knee
Pivot joint
Vertebra
Neck
Twisting wrist, ankle
Biaxial joints
Saddle and condyloid joint
Saddle joint
Thumb 👍🏽
Metacarpal / carpal
Condyloid joints
Ellipsoidal
Radius and carpal bones
Multiaxial joints
Ball and socket joint
Gliding joint
Ball and socket joints
Shoulder joint
Hip
