Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage made up of…

A

Connective tissue
Extracellular substance > cells
Gel like substance
Flexible ‘hard plastic’ consistency

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2
Q

Cartilage Function

A

Sustains weight put through bone
Absorbs shock and stress
Form and support
Growth of bone

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3
Q

Cartilage is

A

Avascular (lack of blood vessels)
Receives nutrition via diffusion

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4
Q

Hyaline Cartilage
**most common

A

Line articular surfaces
Connect rib to sternum
Tip of nose
Rings of trachea and bronchii

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5
Q

Elastic Cartilage
modification of hyaline cartilage, more pliable than HC, more resilient

A

External ear
Epiglottis (back of throat under 👅)
Eustachian tubes (middle ear to back of nose)

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6
Q

Triangular fibrocartilage complex

A

Wrist/ulna tear

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7
Q

Arth/o scopy

A

Visual examination of the joints

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8
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Strong and rigid

Functions:
Forms intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, some large tendons to bone

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9
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone destruction (by osteoclasts)
Result = loss of calcified tissue
Fracture or fall

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10
Q

Osteoarthritis
aka degenerative joint disease

A

Most common
Localized
Non-inflammatory
Affects big joints (hips, knees) and fingers and neck

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11
Q

Heberdon’s Nodes

A

Osteoarthritis
DIP joints
Limit motion

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12
Q

Bouchard’s Nodes

A

Osteoarthritis
PIP joints
Painful, limit motion

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13
Q

NSAIDs 💊

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
(Aspirin, ibuprofen)

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14
Q

P.O

A

Taken by mouth 👄 💊

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15
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic (flares up and then diminishes)
Systemic, whole body, esp. synovial lining of joints
Autoimmune disorder, body attacks itself

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16
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis
disease process

A

Inflammatory
Swelling of synovial lining

17
Q

Pannus
(deals with Rheumatoid arthritis)

A

Inflamed cells produce enzymes (functional proteins) that digest cartilage and bone.
Dissolve bone

18
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome
(Rheumatoid arthritis)

A

Collection of symptoms
Mucus membranes dry out, skin stiffens

19
Q

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)

A

More severe than RA
Rash, high fever, swelling of liver and spleen
Can stunt epiphyseal cartilage growth/ long bones

20
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Males 20-40
Inflammatory, systemic

Ossification (calcified and hardened) of disks, joints, ligaments of spinal column

Stiffness, fusion of spine, pelvis and lower spine

Chronic pain at rest, sometimes relieved with movement

21
Q

Gout

A

Crystal build up in joints
Painful, swollen joints
Tx: meds, diet, low impact exercise (swimming)

22
Q

goniometer

A

Instrument that measures angel motion at a joint

23
Q

Articulation function

A

Point of contact between bones
Amount of movement varies

24
Q

Gliding joints

A

Ankles (tarsals)
wrist (carpals)
spine (vertebrae)

25
Fibrous (synarthroses) joints Mostly immovable
Syndesmoses (between radius/ulna) Sutures (skull joint) Gomphoses (gum 🦷)
26
Cartilaginous (Amphiarthroses) joints Slightly moveable
1) Synchondroses ribs to sternum Epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage) 2) Symphyses Pubic bone Vertebral disk
27
Synovial (Diarthroses) joints Freely move
Most numerous Most complex Most common joint in appendicular skeleton
28
Uniaxial Joints
Hinge and pivot
29
Hinge joint
Humerus Elbow Knee
30
Pivot joint
Vertebra Neck Twisting wrist, ankle
31
Biaxial joints
Saddle and condyloid joint
32
Saddle joint
Thumb 👍🏽 Metacarpal / carpal
33
Condyloid joints Ellipsoidal
Radius and carpal bones
34
Multiaxial joints
Ball and socket joint Gliding joint
35
Ball and socket joints
Shoulder joint Hip